Italy – Gone like the wind

Genoa: the one-time superpower of the Mediterranean sea

February 21, 2021October 8, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Genova, TravelLeave a comment

热那亚：曾经的地中海霸主

Somewhere In Time: Rachmaninoff’s Rhapsody On A Theme Of Paganini, Variation 18

Genoa is one important port in the Liguria region. From 12th century to 15 century, it was the most powerful maritime countries in Europe and controlled the routes of commercial trade in Mediterranean. At that time, it was the most properous city in the world. Nowadays, the city inherited the old tradition and travelling in its historical center and the port, I could still get a glimpse of the remaining glory of the city.

热那亚是利古里亚地区的重要港口之一。从12世纪到15世纪，它是欧洲最强大的海上国家，控制着地中海的商业贸易路线。当时，它是世界上最繁华的城市。如今，这座城市继承了古老的传统。在其老城区和港口旅行时，我仍然可以一瞥这座城市的昔日荣光。

I took the train from Ventimigia, the town in the French Italien border and arrived at this city in the afternoon of July 18, 2020. This was the Genova Piazza Principe railway station located in the west of city.

我从法意边境的小镇Ventimigia坐火车，于2020年7月18日下午到达了这座城市。这是位于热那亚西部的王子广场火车站。

This is the statue of Columbus near the train station. This great navigator who completed the voyages across the Atlantic Ocean was born in Genoa in 1451. In this statue, his left hand rests on an anchor while his right hand is on the shoulder of an American woman holding a cross in the right hand. At each of the four corners of the base, there are four statues, representing Piety, Science, Constancy and Prudence.

这是火车站附近的哥伦布雕像。这位1451年出生在热那亚的伟大的航海家完成了横跨大西洋的航行。在这尊雕像中，他左手执锚，右手握着十字架落在一位美国妇女的肩膀上。在底座的四个角落中，坐落了四个雕像，分别代表虔诚，科学，恒心和慎略。

Genoa’s historic centre is in a maze of squares and narrow alleys. These buildings are extremely close to each other so it is very difficult to take the picture of their façade. This is the Via Balbi built by the Genoese aristocracy during the Renaissance. The famous Royal Palace of Genoa is on this street. The most interesting thing in Genoa is to cross numerous narrow passages and explore the ancient palaces one by one. In this picture, the old building is the university of Genoa designed by the famous architect Bartolomeo Bianco.

热那亚的历史建筑尽在迷宫般的广场和狭窄的小巷中。这些建筑物彼此非常接近，因此很难拍摄它们的正面。这是热那亚贵族在文艺复兴时期建造的巴尔比(Balbi)街。热那亚著名的皇宫就在这条街上。在热那亚最有趣的事情是穿越众多狭窄的小巷，一一探索古老的宫殿。在这张照片中，这座老建筑是热那亚大学，由著名建筑师巴托洛梅奥·比安科（Bartolomeo Bianco）设计。

Another street that could best represent Genoa is the Via Giuseppe Garibaldi. This street together with the Via Balbi and many palaces in the city was listed as the UNESCO World Heritage Site with the name of ‘ Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli’ in 2006. The renaissance and Baroque palaces built from the late 16th and early 17th centuries marked the glorious history of the Republic of Genoa. When I walked to and fro along this street, I was fascinated by the historical and artistical architectures and the sweet-sounding music of Paganini played from the loudspeakers on the buildings.

热那亚最具代表性的另一条街是朱塞佩·加里波第大街。这条街以及巴尔比大街（Via Balbi）和城市中的众多宫殿在2006年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产，名称为“热那亚：新街和宫殿系统”。这些文艺复兴风格和巴洛克式宫殿始建于16世纪末和17世纪初，标志着热那亚共和国的辉煌历史。在这条街上来回穿梭时，我乘醉于这些典雅的建筑艺术以及建筑里传出余音绕梁般的帕格尼尼的乐曲。

This palace called red palace in English was a art museum located in the street Via Garibaldi. This stylish palace made of red bricks was built in 1675 and was bequeathed to the Municipality of Genoa by the last descendant of the family in 1874. I liked its small balconies with baluster columns – a popular decoration in 17th century on its façade. This palace leaft a deep impression because it was the only red building in the street.

这座宫殿叫红宫,是位于加里波第大街上的一座艺术馆。这座别具一格的宫殿由红砖砌成，建于1675年，在1874年由家族的最后一个后裔遗赠给热那亚市政府。我非常欣赏这些带栏柱的小阳台，这是17世纪时常用的立面装饰。它是街上唯一的红色建筑物，给人留下了深刻的印象。

Another palace in the street Via Garibaldi was built between 1563 and 1569 by Nicolosio Lomellino. It was not open for public to visit. There were many renaissance reliefs of indistinguishable patterns and delicate sculptures of bust on its façade. It was hard to describe the color of the wall, looked like a dominant gloomy hue of greyish blue.

Nicolosio Lomellino在1563年至1569年之间建造了这座位于加里波第大街上的宫殿。它不对外开放参观。其立面上有许多文艺复兴时期的浮雕，图案难以分辨，还有许多雕刻精美的半身像。宫殿墙壁的主色调不太确定，看起来是一抹忧郁的灰蓝色。

There are totally 42 palaces in Genoa that was listed as UNESCO world heritage. I will only list three of them. This palace, called Doria Spinola, became the seat of the Province of Genoa from 1877. There are four balconies on the palace and on each one of them one flag is erected. The eye appealling flag of a red cross on a white field was the national flag of Republic of Genoa.

热那亚共有42座宫殿被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，我此处只列出其中三个。这座名为多里亚·斯皮诺拉（Doria Spinola）的宫殿从1877年起成为热那亚省政府的所在地。宫殿上有四个阳台，每个阳台上都竖有一面旗帜。这面显眼的红十字白底的旗就是热那亚共和国的国旗。

Genoa is a populated city with many residential houses in the historical center. This is one Roman catholic church squeezed among the houses. When I walked towards the sea side, I passed by it and noticed its unique symmetrical design and two small towers with cross. The insignia on the entrance is also the St. George’s flag, i.e. a red cross on a white field.

热那亚是一个人口稠密的城市，在老城区有许多民居。这是一座挤在房屋中的罗马天主教教堂。当我走向海边路过时，注意到它独特的对称设计和两座立有十字架的小塔。入口处的徽章也是圣乔治的旗帜，即白底红十字旗。

The old harbour is an interesting place to visit in Genoa. There is a ship replica of the 17th-century Spanish galleon designed by Naval Architect David Cannell in the harbour. The ship was built in 1985 for Roman Polanski’s film Pirates. It portrays exactly the appearance of Spanish galleon oand reflects the marine power of Genoa at that time.

热那亚旧港是一个有趣的旅游地。港口里有一艘戴维·坎内尔（David Cannell）设计的17世纪西班牙帆船的复制品。他是为1985年罗曼·波兰斯基（Roman Polanski）拍摄的电影《海盗》而建造的。它精准地复刻了当年西班牙帆船的外观，并反映了当时热那亚的海军力量。

When the curtain of night falled down, the harbour left its silouette against the dark evening sky. The city is actually spread out along a narrow section of the Liguria coast and the north of city is blocked by the mountains. Many houses are built along the fluctuating ridge line. The old harbour is a nice place to relax in the summer evening. I sat cosily on the bench in the center of harbour and looked on the streaming crowds under the grand ferris wheel.

夜幕降临之时，港口在深沉的傍晚天际中映衬出黑色的剪影。热那亚这座城市沿着狭窄的利古里亚海岸散布开来，它的北部被山脉所阻挡。许多房屋是沿着起伏的山脊线建造而成的。老港口是夏日夜晚放松的好地方。我此时舒适地坐在港口中心的长凳上，目视着大摩天轮下熙熙攘攘的人群。

Other than the old harbour, Genoa is also famous for its grand squares, old castles, and medieval churches. The Piazza de Ferrari is the main square of Genoa decorated with a magnificent fountain. This square is surrounded by numerous office buildings like headquarters of banks, and insurance companies. At the end of the 19th century, it used to be the main financial centre of Italy.

除了古老的港口，热那亚还以其宏伟的广场，古老的城堡和中世纪时期的教堂而闻名。法拉利广场（Piazza de Ferrari）是热那亚的主要广场，装饰有宏伟的喷泉。这个广场周围有许多办公楼，比如银行总部和保险公司的大楼。在19世纪末，它曾经是意大利主要的金融中心。

The Teatro Carlo Felice is opposite to the Piazza de Ferrari. It is the principal opera house of Genoa. The neoclassical building designed by the local architect Carlo Barabino in 1825 was named for King Carlo Felice. The statue in front of the building is to memorize Giuseppe Garibaldi, one of the founders of modern Italy.

卡洛·费利斯剧院（Teatro Carlo Felice）位于法拉利广场（Piazza de Ferrari）对面。它是热那亚的主要歌剧院。这座剧院是由当地建筑师Carlo Barabino在1825年设计，这座新古典主义建筑以国王Carlo Felice命名。建筑物前的雕像是为了纪念现代意大利的创始人之一朱塞佩·加里波第。

**Duomo di Genova, Cattedrale di San Lorenzo**

As the capital of medieval religious kindom, cathedral is an indispensable element for Genoa. This church of San Lorenzo dedicated to Saint Lawrence is the seat of the Archbishop of Genoa. It was built between the twelfth century and the fourteenth century and was the major place to conduct religious ritual in Genoa. The bas-reliefs on the entrance depicted the story of Christ with St. Lawrence.

作为中世纪宗教国家的首都，大教堂自然是热那亚不可或缺的元素。圣洛伦佐教堂是热那亚大主教的所在地。它建于十二世纪至十四世纪之间，是热那亚进行宗教仪式的主要场所。入口上的浅浮雕描绘了基督与圣劳伦斯的故事。

The main facade of the church with three ornate portals is Gothic from the early thirteenth century. Two marble lions of 19 century flanked its entrance. I tapped slightly the head of lion and had a short rest at the steps beside this lion.

带有三个华丽门廊的教堂的主立面是十三世纪初设计的哥特式建筑。入口两侧则是两只19世纪设计的大理石狮子。我此时轻拍了一下狮子的头，在这只狮子旁边的台阶上坐下休息了一会儿。

When I was in Europe, I liked to stroll about the marketplaces . It could best show the local life. This is the marketplace on Piazza Matteotti in front of the Doge’s palace, with old books, small articles, and paintings for sale. It was the home of the Doges of Genoa, and was now a museum and a centre for cultural events and arts exhibitions. Today it exhibited the artwork of Claude Monet. This building has a neoclassical façade decorated with Doric columns qnd scupltures of god. It is in the north of Piazza de Ferrari.

在欧洲旅游的时候，我挺喜欢在市场上闲逛。它能最好地展示当地生活。这是总督宫前的马特奥蒂广场（Piazza Matteotti）上的集市，里面有旧书，小物品和绘画供出售。它曾是热那亚总督的住宅，现在是一个集博物馆以及文化和艺术展览为一体的活动中心。这一天，它在展览克劳德·莫奈的作品。这座新古典主义建筑的立面装饰有多立克柱和希腊诸神的雕塑。它位于法拉利广场的北部。

Throughout the period of the Republic, there were different forms of government. The most notable was the Dogate which means an oligarchy ruled by a group of wealthy merchant families, from whom the doges were selected. The most representative family is the Doria, Spinola, Balbi family. Under their rules, many buildings were built and named after them.

在整个共和国时期，存在着不同形式的政府。最著名的当属总督制，这是由一群富商家族统治的寡头政府，从中选出总督。最具代表性的家庭是多利亚（Doria），斯皮诺拉（Spinola）和巴尔比（Balbi）家族。在他们的统治下，热那亚建造了许多建筑并以这些家族名字命名。

Genoa is an ancient city of long history so nowadays people could discover the remainings of the wall in 10th century in the corners of the city. Porta Soprana is one well-known gate of the ancient walls. It was repaired and restored from dilapidation in 20th century. The two-towered gates are located at th east part of the city and looked over the house of Colombo.

热那亚是一座历史悠久的古城，因此如今人们可以在城市的角落里发现10世纪城墙的残垣断壁。Soprana门是最古老的城墙之一。破败的城门在20世纪时期得到修复。这座有双塔的城门位于城市的东部，俯瞰着哥伦布的故居。

This is the Christopher Columbus House reconstructed in the 18th-century. It was said that Christopher Columbus grew up here between approximately 1455 and 1470. Unfortunately, the house was destroyed in the war of 1684 and rebuilt on the basis of ruins. Despite of this, many touristes would like come and take pictures here.

这是18世纪重建的克里斯托弗·哥伦布故居。据说哥伦布在大约1455年到1470年之间在这里长大。不幸的是，这座房子在1684年的战争中被摧毁，并在废墟的基础上重建。尽管如此，许多游客还是很乐意在这里拍照。

After one day’s travel, I was extremely exhausted. On my way back to hotel, I have passed through numerous alleys paved with stone slabs. The alleys are named of Carrugi in the local language. Under the slim gleam of lamps, the dark and deep alleys evoked my imagination of the medieval Genoa but the funky graffiti on the peeling and crackling walls brought me relentlessly to the reality.

经过一天的旅行，我筋疲力尽。在返回酒店的途中，我穿过了许多用石板铺成的小巷。这些小巷在当地语言叫做Carrugi。在微弱的灯光下，黑暗而深沉的小巷唤起了我对中世纪热那亚的无尽想象，但是爆裂起皮的墙壁上刺眼的涂鸦又无情地把我拉回了现实。

The next morning, I visited firstly this villa which is very close to my hotel. The Villa del Principe was built between the 1527 and the 1533 in the name of Andrea Doria, the admiral of the fleet of Charles V. He choose this place because it could overlook the gulf of Genoa. Nowadays, it became a museum with many splendid frescoes and tapestries.

第二天早上，我首先参观了这栋离我的酒店很近的别墅。王子别墅（Villa del Principe）建于1527年至1533年之间，以查理五世舰队的海军上将安德里亚·多里亚（Andrea Doria）的命名。他之所以选择建别墅在这个地方，是因为它可以俯瞰热那亚的海湾。如今，它已成为拥有许多精美壁画和挂毯的博物馆。

It has a long gallery displayed of plaster busts. It was a traditional Italien villa with walls painted of yellow-ochre stucco and a courtyard of renaissant style.

它有一个陈列着石膏半身像的长廊。这是一栋传统的意大利别墅，墙壁上粉刷着黄灰粉，还有一个文艺复兴风格的庭院。

The villa includes a beautiful garden decorated with a small fountain as well. Previously as the wish of Andrea Doria, people could see the gulf of Genoa directly from the garden however now due to urban expansion, the view is blocked by the highway and the cruises in the harbour.

这座别墅包括一座配有小喷泉的美丽花园。以前，按照安德里亚·多里亚（Andrea Doria）的愿望，人们可以直接从花园直接看到热那亚的海湾，但是现在由于城市的扩建，高速公路和游轮挡住了远眺的视野。

To get the panoromic view of Genoa gulf, I will recommend you to visit the castle Albertis. It was built on the top of the hill of Monte Galletto and its gothic brown red colored tower was easily recognized. This castle was built between 1886 and 1892. It was the home of sea captain Enrico Alberto d’Albertis, and was donated to the city of Genoa on his death in 1932. Its design get the inspirations from the palace of Florence.

要欣赏热那亚海湾的全景，我建议参观阿尔贝蒂斯(Albertis)城堡。它建在Monte Galletto山顶上，其哥特式棕红色塔顶很容易辨认。这座城堡建于1886年至1892年之间。它是船长Enrico Alberto d’Albertis的故居，并于1932年去世后捐赠给了热那亚市。其设计灵感来自于佛罗伦萨的宫殿。

On the top of tower of this castle, I could easily see the appearance of this harbour and the gulf. Many huge cruises berthed in the harbour and compared with them, even the tall lighthouse looks so tiny.

在这座城堡的塔顶上，我可以轻松远眺到这座港口和海湾。许多巨大的游轮停泊在港口，与之相比，即使是高大的灯塔也显得如此渺小。

Now the castle becomes the Museum of World Cultures, inaugurated in 2004. The museum includes archaeological findings collected by both Enrico and Luigi Maria d’Albertis during their trips in the world. These are the findings belonging to the Maya civilization from Honduras.

现在，这座城堡成为2004年后开始启用的世界文化博物馆。该博物馆包括Enrico和Luigi Maria d’Albertis在世界旅行中收集的考古发现。这个图是在洪都拉斯发现的玛雅文明。

For me, the most attractive viewpoint in Genoa is the Royal Palace. It was located in the street of Balbi. Its construction began in 1618 for the Balbi family. In 1677, it was inherited by Eugenio Durazzo, who transformed it into a Baroque-style building. In 1823, the palace was sold to the Royal House of Savoy. The House of Savoy led the unification of Italy in 1861 and ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until 1946.

对我来说，热那亚最吸引人的景点一定是皇宫。它位于巴尔比街上，为巴尔比家族始建于1618年。 1677年，尤金尼奥·杜拉佐（Eugenio Durazzo）继承了它，并将其改造成巴洛克风格的建筑。 1823年，该宫殿被出售给萨瓦王室。萨瓦家族于1861年领导了意大利的统一，并在1861年至1946年期间统治了意大利王国。

It has the magificent and splendid mirror gallery decorated of gorgeous crystal chandeliers and ornate frescos. Its design is extremely similar with the gallery in Versaille. The hall was used as a dining room for important occasions, including the visit of Emperor Joseph II of Austria and Napoleon Bonaparte in 1805. The scupltures portrayed the Greek gods like Dionysius and Venus.

这座宫殿拥有宏伟壮丽的镜廊，并装饰有豪华的水晶吊灯和华丽的壁画。它的设计与凡尔赛宫的长廊极为相似。这座大厅曾被用作接待重要人物的餐厅，包括接待1805年奥地利皇帝约瑟夫二世和拿破仑·波拿巴的访问。这里的雕塑描绘了狄奥尼修斯和维纳斯等希腊诸神。

This is the throne room. There is one crown on the splendid throne with two metallic scepters on side. It marks the power of the king of the Savoy house. This room preserves the paintings by Luca Giordano. The oil painting on canvas in the right side of the picture is the Combat of Perseus and Phineus.

这间房间是王座室。炫丽的宝座上放置着一个国王王冠，侧面有两个金属权杖。它象征着萨瓦家族的权力。这里保存着卢卡·佐丹奴（Luca Giordano）的画作。照片右侧的油画就是他的作品珀尔修斯大战菲涅斯。

In the room of Tapestrie, it displayed this huge tapestry called The Impiety of Niobe made of wool, silk, thread of silver and gilded silver. It is related with myth of the impious Niobe who is proud of her divine origins and urged the Thebans not to sacrifice to Leto, who had given birth only to Apollo and Diana, and to worship her instead.

在挂毯室里展示了一副巨大的挂毯，它的名字叫做不虔诚的Niobe，这个挂毯由羊毛，丝绸，银线和镀金银制成。它和Niobe的神话有关，Niobe为她的神圣血统感到骄傲，并要求底比斯人不要敬拜只生了阿波罗和月神狄阿纳的Leto而转为敬拜她。

This room is the audience room containing the portrait of Caterina Balbi Durazzo by Van Dyck who was a famous Flemish Baroque artist in 17th century.

这个房间是客厅，里面放着范迪克（Van Dyck）的画作卡特琳娜·巴尔比·杜拉佐的肖像，范迪克是17世纪著名的佛兰德巴洛克艺术家。

I have visited many palaces in Europe. Their overall arrangements are similar. There are always so many rooms with numerous artworks displayed. Before I left, I took the picture in the garden. This one is relatively small compared with the palace of Versaille and 1 hour is enough to visit all the places.
我参观过了欧洲的许多宫殿。它们的总体布置皆是如此相近。它们都有这么多房间，并且里面陈列着许多艺术品。在我离开此处之前，我在皇宫花园里拍了一张照。与凡尔赛宫相比，这是一个相对较小的宫殿，只需1小时即可参观所有的地方。

In the afternoon before I left this city, I visited the street Giuseppe Garibaldi again and this palace Doria-Tursi. From 1848 it has also become the city hall of Genoa. This is the largest palace in the street with a two-floor courtyard. It was designed in 1565 by the architects Domenico and Giovanni Ponzello, the pupils of the famous architect Galeazzo Alessi.

下午在离开这座城市之前，我再次参观了朱塞佩·加里波第大街和大街上的这座宫殿多里亚·图尔西宫。从1848年起，它也成为热那亚的市政厅。它是这条街道上最大的宫殿，有一个两层楼的庭院。它是由Domenico和Giovanni Ponzello于1565年设计的，他们是著名建筑师Galeazzo Alessi的学生。

There is one statue on the staircase of the palace to memorize the great Italien politician Giuseppe Mazzini who was born in Genoa. He led the movement of unification of Italy in 19th century. He was a fervent advocate of republicanism and his ideas of social-democratic republicanism influenced on the European republican movements, even motivated the leaders of republican movement in other countries like Jawaharlal Nehru and Sun Yat-sen.

这座宫殿的楼梯上立有一尊雕像，以纪念出生在热那亚的伟大政治家朱塞佩·马志尼。他在19世纪领导了意大利的统一运动。他是共和主义的坚定拥护者，他的社会民主共和思想影响了欧洲的共和运动，甚至鼓舞了贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁和孙中山等其他国家的共和运动领导人。

Il Cannone Guarnerius is the violin exhibited at the Palazzo Doria-Tursi. Its owner was the talent musician Niccolò Paganini who was born in Genoa. In the era of 18th and 19th century, many great musicians emerged in Italy. Among of them, Paganini was one of my favorite composers. I could never forget the superb melody of his violin masterpiece Caprice No.24. The other composers like Sergei Rachmaninoff and Franz Liszt had created works like ‘La Campanella’ and ‘Rhapsody variation 18th’ based on Paganini’s work.

Il Cannone Guarnerius是在多里亚-图尔西宫里展出的小提琴。它的所有者是出生于热那亚的才华横溢的音乐家尼克拉·帕格尼尼。在18和19世纪时期，意大利涌现了许多伟大的音乐家。其中，帕格尼尼是我最喜欢的作曲家之一。他的小提琴杰作第24号随想曲的美妙旋律令人永生难忘。谢尔盖·拉赫玛尼诺夫（Sergei Rachmaninoff）和弗朗兹·李斯特（Franz Liszt）等其他作曲家根据帕格尼尼的作品创作了诸如《钟声》和《狂想变奏曲18号》等伟大作品。

This arch of victory is located near the train station Brignole. At 4 o’clock in the afternoon, I took the trains here and left this city but I still immersed in the memory of this trip. This trip increase my knowledge of the history of the city. Genoa used to be the superpower in the sea and even extended its colonies in the Black Sea. However, since the economy and trade routes shifted to the New World and the Ottoman Empire controlled the east Mediterranean sea, Genoa lost gradually its political and economic power. Its ancient glory were buried in the dust of history little by littele but its eternity could still be slowly discovered by touristes in the historical ruins of this city.

这座凯旋门位于Brignole火车站附近。下午4点，我坐火车离开了这座城市，但我仍然沉浸在这次旅行的回忆中。这次旅行增加了我对这座城市历史的了解。热那亚曾经是地中海的超级大国，甚至在黑海都扩展了它的殖民地。但是，由于经济和贸易路线逐渐转移到了新大陆，而奥斯曼帝国又控制了东地中海，热那亚逐渐失去了当年的政治和经济实力。它昔日荣耀如昨日黄花一般一点点地埋在了历史的烟尘中，但游客仍然可以在这里的历史遗迹中慢慢发掘它的永恒。

Naples – the marine city of art and architecture

January 24, 2021December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Naples, Napoli, Travel3 Comments

那不勒斯-荟萃艺术和建筑的海滨城市

Santa Lucia

Naples is the largest city in the south of Italy. It has history of 2,800 years with a wealth of historical buildings and monuments of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque styles. Its historic centre was listed as world heritage site in 1995. I was familiar with this city because Diego Maradona had played in the club of S.S.C Napoli and brought great glory to this city. I was excited to visit here on 19th July 2020 by the express train from La Spezia.

那不勒斯是意大利南部最大的城市。它拥有2800年的历史，以及丰富的中世纪，文艺复兴时期和巴洛克风格的历史建筑和古迹。它的老城区在1995年被列为世界文化遗产。我因为迭戈·马拉多纳曾在那不勒斯俱乐部效力，并为这座城市带来无上荣耀而对这座城市很熟悉。我特别激动能够在2020年7月19日从拉斯佩齐亚乘火车来这里旅游。

When I arrived, I strolled along the seaside of the gulf Naples with a sense of novelty. The harbour of Naples is very close to the train station Napoli P. Garibaldi so I just took 10 minutes to walk from the station to here. Naples is one of the most important ports in Meditteranean that harbours many sailing boats and large ships.

当我到达后，怀揣着新鲜感沿着那不勒斯海湾边漫步。那不勒斯的港口非常靠近加里波第火车站（Napoli P. Garibaldi），所以我只花了10分钟就从火车站步行到这里。那不勒斯是地中海中最重要的港口之一，停泊着许多帆船和大型船只。

There are some castles built near the sea side so I could see them faraway when I walked along the sea. This is a medieval castle located in front of the city hall. Its name in English is New Castle. It was built in 1279 and was a royal seat for kings of Naples, Aragon and Spain until 1815. It was defended by five large cylindrical towers.

在那不勒斯海边建有很多城堡，当我沿着海边散步时就可以将它们尽收眼底。这是位于市政厅前的中世纪城堡。它的名字直译为新堡。它建于1279年，在1815年之前是那不勒斯王国，阿拉贡王国和西班牙王国的皇家住所。它由五座庞大的圆塔构建防御。

I extremely like its spectacular arch. The white marble triumphal arch, built in 1470, commemorated Alfonso of Aragon’s entry to Naples in 1443. The kingdom of Naples was annexed to the Kingdom of Spain by Ferdinand II of Aragon so the city was under the control of Spanish in 15 century. The arch has two levels with totally 35 meters tall. The first level sculptures depict a triumphal quadriga of Alfonso’s parade. The second level has four niches with statues depicting the virtues of Alfonso.

我特别喜欢它壮观的拱门。这座白色的大理石凯旋门建于1470年，为纪念阿拉贡王国的阿方索国王于1443年驾临那不勒斯。那不勒斯王国被阿拉贡的费迪南德二世吞并为西班牙王国的一部分，因此该市在15世纪是由西班牙统治。这个拱门共有两层，总高35米。第一层的雕塑描绘了阿方索凯旋的盛大场面。第二层有四个壁龛里面藏有赞颂阿方索美德的雕像。

The architecture of Naples combines the elements of modern and classic. The Galleria Umberto I was one example of employing modern elements. This Galleria built between 1887–1891 was named for Umberto I, the King of Italy at that time. It was a shoping gallery designed by Emanuele Rocco. Its entrance is flanked by the Corinthian columns.
那不勒斯的建筑融合了现代与古典的元素。翁贝托一世画廊是运用现代元素的典范。这座建于1887年至1891年之间的圆顶画廊以当时的意大利国王翁贝托一世命名。这是一个由Emanuele Rocco设计的购物长廊。它的入口两侧是科林斯式柱廊。

The inside of the gallery is similar to the gallery of Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan. It is a high and spacious cross-shaped structure. The top is a glass dome supported by 16 metal ribs. Its shiny mosaic floor could even reflect the profile of the dome. It was a early morning so the shops in the gallery had not yet been opened.

长廊的内部类似于米兰的维托里奥·埃曼努埃尔二世长廊。它是高而宽敞的十字形结构。顶部是由16个金属肋支撑的玻璃圆顶。它闪亮的马赛克地板甚至可以映射处出圆顶的轮廓。现在依然是清晨，长廊内部的商店尚未营业。

Opposite the gallery, it was the famous San Carlo theater. When I arrived, the whole building was under reparation so I could not know how this Neoclassical building actually looked like. The theatre was opened in 1737 with the exquisite decoration inside. It was one of the most luxurious theatres in the world with around 3000 seats.

长廊对面是著名的圣卡洛剧院。我来参观的时候整座建筑都在维修中，所以也无法知晓这座新古典主义建筑的庐山真面目。该剧院于1737年开业，内部装潢精美。它是世界上最豪华的剧院之一，拥有约3000个座位。

Piazza del Plebiscito is a large public square beside the Teatro di San Carlo. The squre is named after the 1860’s plebiscite that brought Naples into the unified Kingdom of Italy. It was surrounded by the the Royal Palace, the Prefecture Palace and the church of San Francesco di Paola. The statue in the square is the Charles VII of Naples who ruled Naples as Charles of Bourbon (1734–1759) and Sicily.

公投广场是圣卡洛剧院旁的大型公共广场。此广场因1860年的全民投票将那不勒斯纳入了统一的意大利王国中而由此命名。它被那不勒斯皇宫，议会宫和圣弗朗西斯科保拉教堂包围。广场上的雕像是那不勒斯的查理七世，也是波旁王朝的查理，他在1734到1759之间统治那不勒斯和西西里岛。

The San Francesco di Paola church in the square is a neoclassical building with a special design of three cupola which is different with other churchs. Its façade is fronted by a portico of six columns and two Ionic pillars. This portico was designed by Leopoldo Laperuta and looked like the Pantheon in Rome.

广场上的圣弗朗西斯科保拉教堂是一栋新古典主义建筑，带有三个圆顶。这种的特殊设计与其他教堂不同。它的正面是有六列立柱和两个爱奥尼亚式圆柱的门廊。这个门廊是由Leopoldo Laperuta设计的，看起来神似罗马的万神殿。

Opposite the San Francesco di Paola church, it is the Royal Palace of Naples. When Charles III of Spain arrived Naples, the palace became the royal residence of the Bourbons. Under the rule of Bourbon Kings, it was decorated lavishly during the period of Kingdom of Naples (1735–1816) and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816-1861). Its façade facing the Piazza del Plebiscito displays a series of statues of prominent rulers of Naples in chronological order. The famous rulers include Frederick II of Holy Roman Emperor, Charles III of Spain, Murat, and Vittorio Emanuele II.

在圣弗朗西斯科保拉教堂对面就是那不勒斯皇宫。当西班牙的查理三世到达那不勒斯时，该宫殿成为波旁王朝的王室住所。在波旁国王统治下的那不勒斯王国（1735–1816）和两西西里王国（1816-1861）时期对其进行了华丽的装潢。面向公投广场的皇宫正面的壁龛里按时间顺序陈列着那不勒斯历史上著名统治者的雕像。其中包括神圣罗马帝国皇帝腓特烈二世，西班牙的查理三世，法国的缪拉元帅以及维托里奥·埃曼努埃尔二世。

This is the entrance hall of the palace with the marble staircase leading to the rooms at the second floor. The whole palace is a square and there is a open courtyard in the middle. All the rooms are interconnected and could be visited by following the sequence. I will just introduce several rooms here.

这是宫殿的入口大厅，大理石楼梯通向二楼的房间。整个宫殿是一个正方形，中间有一个开放式庭院。所有房间都是相互连接的，可以按照顺序进行参观。我将在这里着重介绍几个房间。

In the Flemish hall, the ceiling is decorated with the coats of arm from Neapolitan provinces. The hall exhibits a collection of Dutch portraits from the 17th century. Like the palace of Verseille, the room is also equipped with crystal chandeliers and long red window curtains.

在佛兰芒大厅中，天花板装饰着那不勒斯王国的纹章。大厅里展示了17世纪的一些荷兰人的肖像画。像凡尔赛宫装饰一样，房间里还装饰着水晶烛灯和长长的红色帷幕。

This is the office of Joachim Murat’s office. Murat was a Marshal of the Empire during the reign of Napoleon. He was also the king of Naples from 1808 to 1815. The ceiling of the room could be dated to 1840, decorated with tempera on plaster. This hall hosts some remarkable pieces of Murat period furniture, including a desk, commode, and bonheur du jour (a type of writing desk). These furnitures are crafted by Adam Weisweiler and given to Carolina Bonaparte, i.e Murat’s wife. There are two porcelain vases decorated with fleur-de-lis and delicate paintings in the room.

这是缪拉的办公室。在拿破仑统治期间，缪拉是帝国元帅之一，在1808年到1815年之间，他同时担当那不勒斯的国王。房间的天花板装饰可以追溯到1840年，用石膏蛋彩画装饰。这个大厅里摆放着那个时期的家具，包括桌子，衣柜和写字台。这些家具由亚当·韦斯韦勒（Adam Weisweiler）手工制作，并赠送给了缪拉的妻子卡罗琳波拿巴。房间里还有两个装饰着鸢尾花和精致绘画的瓷花瓶。

This is the queen’s room. Its ceiling features rare Rococo white and gilt stucco decorations made during the reign of Charles of Bourbon. The furniture was manufactured in Naples in 1840. The room is decorated with Neapolitan School paintings of 17th and 18th century.

这间是皇后的房间。它的天花板采用了波旁查理王朝统治期间制作的罕见的洛可可式白色镀金粉装饰。家具于1840年在那不勒斯制造。房间里装饰着17和18世纪那不勒斯学院画。

The royal chapel was built by Francesco Antonio Picchiatti. It was used for the Palace’s religious ceremony. The altar in semi-precious stone and gilt copper is the work of Neopolitan baroque artiste Dioniso Lazzari in 1674. In the european palaces, chapel is a very important building because the power and rights of kings are endowed by the pope.

这座皇家教堂由弗朗切斯科·安东尼奥·皮基亚蒂（Francesco Antonio Picchiatti）建造。它被用于宫殿的各种宗教仪式。用半石和镀金铜制成的祭坛是那不勒斯巴洛克艺术家狄奥尼索·拉扎里（Dioniso Lazzari）1674年的作品。在欧洲的宫殿中，教堂是非常重要的建筑元素，因为教皇赋予了国王一切权利。

I spent around 1 hour in the royal palace. There is a Garden called Molosiglio behind the palace with the bronze statue of Augusto. From here I could survey the beautiful landscape of the gulf of Naples.

我在皇宫里待了大约1个小时。皇宫后面有一个叫Molosiglio的花园，里面有这个奥古斯都大帝的青铜雕像。从这里我可以饱览那不勒斯湾的旖旎风光。

It was a sunny day. I was luxuriating in sunshine along the coastline. The sea lapping against the rocks shimmered in the sunlight and left ripples on the beach. The soaring mountain on the opposite side of the coast is the famous Mount Vesuvius and it seemed to wave to me endlessly.

今天是万里晴空。我沉醉于海岸边的温暖阳光普照之下。拍打在岩石上的波涛，在阳光下闪烁发光，并在海滩上留下阵阵涟漪。海岸的另一侧高耸的山脉是著名的维苏威火山，它此时似乎在向我频频招手。

I walked fast along the coastline until this huge castle appeared in my eyes. The Egg Castle is a seaside castle in the Gulf of Naples. The castle’s name comes from an ancient legend. The Roman poet Virgil put a magical egg into the foundations to support the fortifications. If this egg is broken, the castle would have been destroyed and a series of diaster would have followed. It is the oldest castle in Naples equipped by many cannons on the top.

我沿着海岸线一直疾走，直到这座巨大的城堡映入眼帘。蛋堡是那不勒斯的滨海城堡。这座城堡的名字来自一个古老的传说。罗马诗人维吉尔在城堡地基上放了一块魔蛋来支撑防御工事。如果这个鸡蛋被打破，那么城堡就将被摧毁，一系列灾难也将随之而来。它是那不勒斯最最古老的城堡，顶部装备有许多大炮。

There is only one road connecting the castle. I took this picture on this road. The castle is located at the island of Megaride. The castle faces Mergellina across the sea which is another harbour of the city.

此处只有一条道路连接城堡。我就在这条路上拍摄了这张照片。该城堡位于梅加里德岛上。这座城堡隔着海直面这座城市的另一个港口Mergellina。

Afterwards, I left the seaside and started my journey in the center area of the city. The Palazzo San Giacomo, known as the city hall, is located at the Piazza del Municipio. It is a Neoclassical style palace, completed in 1825. There is a beautiful fountain in front of its entrance. The fountain of Neptune was built in 17th century with collaboration of Michelangelo Naccherino and Pietro Bernini. It was originally located at the arsenal in the port and deplaced to the current location in 2015.

我旋即离开海边，开始了在老城区的旅程。这座位于市政广场的圣贾科莫宫就是那不勒斯市政府。它是一座新古典主义风格的宫殿，建于1825年。入口前有一个美丽的喷泉。这座海神喷泉始建于17世纪，是由米开朗基罗和贝尼尼合作设计。它最初位于港口的火药库，后于2015年移至当前位置。

Another square that I want to highlight is the Martyrs’ Square. There is a monument in the center of the square. It is one single huge column built in the period of Bourbon rule with a bronze statue atop, depicting the Virtue of the Martyrs. The four lions at the corners of the base represent the patriots who died during the anti-Bourbon revolutions. The lion dying represents the martyr defending the short lived Parthenopean Republic in 1799. The lion pierced by a sword represents the martyrs during Carbonari revolution of 1820. The lion with 1848 statutes under paw represents the martyrs during the revolution of 1848. The lion striding on foot represents the successful Garibaldini Revolt of 1860. In 1861, Italy was finally united so this monument was to memorize the efforts and blood of martyrs during the revolutions.

我要着重介绍的另一个广场是烈士广场。广场中央有一座纪念碑。它是波旁王朝统治时期建造的一根柱子，上面刻有青铜雕像，赞颂了革命的烈士。纪念碑基座四角的四只狮子代表着在反抗波旁王朝革命中丧生的爱国者。垂死的狮子代表1799年捍卫短暂的Parthenopean共和国的烈士。被剑刺穿的狮子代表在1820年卡波纳里革命期间丧生的烈士。爪子下紧握1848年法规的狮子代表着1848年革命期间的烈士。大步流血的狮子则代表了1860年成功的加里波第起义。1861年，意大利终于统一，因此这座纪念碑是为了纪念烈士们在革命中的努力和鲜血。

In the afternoon, I visited the historical center from the Via dei Tribunal. It was a long but very norrow east-west street. Most of the churches in Naples were built in the area. The east end of the street was the Castel Capuano. It was built in the 12th century by William I, the son of Roger II of Sicily, the first monarch of the Kingdom of Naples. It was expanded by Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and became one of his royal palaces. From the 16th century, it became the hall of justice.

下午，我从Tribunali大街（Via dei Tribunali）参观了那不勒斯的老城区，那是一条漫长却非常狭窄的东西走向街道。那不勒斯的大多数教堂都建在该地区。街道的东端是卡斯帕诺城堡（Castel Capuano）。它由那不勒斯王国的第一任君主西西里岛的罗杰二世的儿子威廉一世在12世纪建造。并由霍亨斯陶芬王朝的腓特烈二世（Frederick II）扩建，成为他的皇宫之一。从16世纪开始，它后来成为了司法宫。

The unique view points in Naples are the spires or obelisks i.e the monumental columns. The Spire of San Gennaro completed in 1650 was designed by Cosimo Fanzago, perhaps the greatest architect of the Neapolitan Baroque. The spire was built to celebrate the deliverance of the city from the great earthquake of 1631. It was located at the Via dei Tribunali.

那不勒斯的独特景点是众多尖顶塔或方尖纪念碑。这座San Gennaro尖塔于1650年完工，由那不勒斯最伟大的巴洛克风格建筑师Cosimo Fanzago设计。这座塔是为了纪念1631年大地震后这座城市获得救赎而建的。它位于Tribunali大街上。

The Spire of San Gennaro was behind the Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary. This Roman Catholic cathedral is the main church of Naples and the seat of the Archbishop of Naples. It is also named San Gennaro, in honour of Saint Januarius, the city’s patron saint. The construction of the church started from the King Charles I of Anjou, in the 13 century.

San Gennaro尖塔就位于圣母升天大教堂的后面。这座罗马天主教大教堂是那不勒斯的主教堂，也是那不勒斯大主教的所在地。它也命名为San Gennaro，以纪念该市的守护神Saint Januarius。教堂的建造始于13世纪的安茹国王查理一世。

The church has the magificant frescos drawn by Domenichino and Giovanni Lanfranco. Its dome with gorgeous colors and decorations is splendid. The church houses a vial of the blood of Saint Januarius, which is brought out three times a year. A ceremony of liquefying the blood would be hold. If the blood fails to liquefy, then it is said that disaster will befall Naples.

教堂装饰有多梅尼奇诺（Domenichino）和乔瓦尼·兰弗兰科（Giovanni Lanfranco）绘制的宏伟壁画。它的圆顶色彩绚丽，装饰精美。教堂里有一小瓶保护神Saint Januarius的血，每年要取出三次，举行血液升华的仪式。如果血液不能成功液化，那么据说那不勒斯将遭受灾难。

There are more than 100 churches in Naples so visitors will only visit few of them based on personal interests. This church San Paolo Maggiore is a basilica church, also the burial place of Gaetano Thiene, the founder of the Order of Clerics Regular (or Theatines). This baroque style church has two Corinthian columns and could be accessible by a staircase. This kind of design makes it different with other churches.

那不勒斯有100多座教堂，因此游客可根据个人兴趣参观其中的几座。这是圣保罗马焦雷教堂，也是末位神职界修会的创始人加埃塔诺·蒂耶内（Gaetano Thiene）的墓地。这座巴洛克风格的教堂有两个科林斯式圆柱，并且需要通过楼梯进入。这是它与其他教堂略有不同的地方。

This area is full of historical buildings and monuments. This is another spire called Spire of San Domenico located in the square of San Domenico Maggiore. The spire was built after the plague of 1656 and was again designed by Fanzago. It was completed in 1737.

这片区域到处都是历史建筑和古迹。这是位于圣多梅尼科·马焦雷广场上的另一个尖顶，称为圣多梅尼科尖顶。该尖塔建于1656年的瘟疫之后，也是由Fanzago设计。它于1737年完工。

In the western side of the historic center, the church Gesù Nuovo could be found. It was originally a palace built in 1470 for Roberto Sanseverino, the Prince of Salerno and was sold in the 1580s for 45,000 ducats to construct a church from 1584 to 1601. That is why it has an unsual façade of the palace with rustic ashlar diamond projections.

在老城区的西侧，可以看到这座新耶稣教堂。它最初是在1470年为萨莲诺王子罗伯托·桑塞韦里诺（Roberto Sanseverino）建造的宫殿，并在1580年以45,000 杜卡特的价格出售，以建造这座教堂。这就是为什么它有着只有宫殿才会有的质朴的琢石凸起墙面。

The vault frescos representing Jesus befalling were completed by Belisario Corenzio and Paolo de Matteis. On the four pillars supporting the dome are frescos of the four Evangelists. There are three bronze bas-reliefs on a black marble base. Above the altar, there are eight busts of saints who glorified the Eucharist.

代表耶稣降临的穹顶壁画由Belisario Corenzio和Paolo de Matteis完成。支撑圆顶的四个大柱上有四位福音传教士的壁画。黑色大理石底座上有三个青铜浅浮雕。在祭坛上方，有八位圣人半身像成列以赞美圣体圣事。

Outside the church, there is another spire called spire of the Immaculate Virgin. It was built to invoke the Virgin Mary’s protection from the plague. Its construction began in the 17th century and was completed in 1750, also a prototype of Neapolitan Baroque art.

在这座教堂外，还有另一个称为Immaculate Virgin的尖顶。它是为了纪念圣母玛利亚保护那不勒斯免受瘟疫的侵袭而设立。它始建于17世纪，直到1750年才完成，也是那不勒斯巴洛克艺术的代表作品。

Besides art and architecture, Naples is also one paradise of delicious food. It is the origin of the pizza but here I will introduce one untraditional pizza. It is called pizza fritta sold in the store called Sorbillo. Unlike classic pizza cooked by a wood burning stove, it is just made by a frying pan but the dough is same as the classic pizza. It is filled with cicoli, Neapolitan salami with ricotta or mozzarella and ham. It is nice and cheap, costs only 3.5 euros. The taste is similar with one type of Chinese fried cake.

除了艺术和建筑，那不勒斯也是美食的天堂。这里是披萨的发源地，但我会将介绍一种非传统的披萨。这是在名为Sorbillo的商店中出售的油炸披萨饼。和用柴火烤制的经典比萨不同，它只需用平底煎锅制作，但使用的面团与经典比萨相同。它里面的馅料是那不勒斯香肠，意大利乳清干酪或火腿。它既好吃又便宜，仅售3.5欧元。味道和中国的炸油饼很相似。

No matter how good the place is, there will be the final moment to say goodbye. The last memorable place in Naples is the Toledo metro station when I prepared for the departure. This station called Toledo, the same name of one Spanish city, has the perfect illumination effect that makes it look like a starry sky. The color of the sky will change periodically from blue to purple to green. The escalator seems to be like the steps leading the people to the heaven. I have never seen such an artistic metro station like this. It will forever leave a deep impression in my heart.

不管再好的地方，都会有分别的时刻。当我准备出发时，那不勒斯最后一个值得留念的地方就是托莱多地铁站。这个叫托莱多的车站，与一个西班牙城市同名，具有完美的灯光效果，使其看起来像繁星点点的天空。天空的颜色会定期从蓝色变为紫色到绿色。地铁的自动扶梯似乎是将人们带向天堂的阶梯。我从未见过像这样的充满艺术气息的地铁站。这将永远在我的心中留下不可磨灭的印象。

Discover the coast of Cinq Terre

January 9, 2021December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Cinq Terre, TravelLeave a comment

探索五渔村

G. Puccini – O Mio Babbino Caro – Piano Solo by Matthias Dobler

In the remote coast of Mediterranean, there is such an idyllic and peaceful land called Cinque Terre. It means Five Lands in Italien and they are five characteristic villages hugging the cliffs along a short stretch of the Ligurian coast in the Linguria area. The five villages are Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The tortuous coastline, the villages on different levels of hillside, and the magnificent view of the surrounding hillsides constitues the Cinque Terre National Park which was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

在遥远的地中海海岸有这样一片宁静而绝美的世外桃源。五渔村（Cinque Terre）在意大利语的意思是的五片土地，它们是利古利亚地区绵延在一段海岸线上的悬崖峭壁的五座村庄。这五个村庄分别是蒙特勒索，维尔那扎，科尔尼亚，马纳若拉和雷奥马乔里。绵长曲折的海岸线，错落有致的村庄和周围壮丽的山景构成了五渔村国家公园，该公园于1997年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

I took the intercity train from Genova and arrived at this wonderland in the sunny and scorching afternoon of July 18, 2020. This was the small train station of Manarola hiding between two tunnels in the ridges. From the platform the touristes could overlook the azure water of the sea. All the 5 villages are connected by the train line so it is quite convenient to visit all of them. Due to time limit, I only visited the two villages, Manarola and Riomaggiore this time.

鄙人从热那亚乘坐城际列车，于2020年7月18日的炎炎晌午到达了这片神奇土地。马纳若拉的小火车站藏匿于山脊里的两条隧道之间。在月台上游客便可俯视这片碧蓝的海水。五鱼村所有5个村庄均由铁路线连接，因此前往所有村庄都非常方便。由于时间限制，这次我只游览了马纳若拉和雷奥马乔里这两个村庄。

The village of Manarola was accessible from the train station through an underground tunnel in just 5 minutes. The houses of the village were painted with different colors and were built on the precipitous cliff dominating the Mediterranean Sea since the start of the village. The arrangment of houses had highlighed the unique style of Cinq terre.

从火车站通过地下隧道仅需5分钟即可到达马纳若拉村。村庄里的屋壁被涂上了五颜六色不同的颜色。自村庄建立之际，这些历史悠久的建筑就屹立在悬崖峭壁上俯瞰地中海。这样的布局风格彰显出五鱼村独特的魅力。

Beyond the coast, there was a small road leading to the restaurant at the hill top. On the halfway of the road, touristes could take the panaromic picture of Manarola at this place. It was a perfect scenic viewpoint but crowded. But everyone is patient enough to take this iconic picture of the village.

彼岸有一条通往山顶餐厅的小路。途中游客可以在这个观景点拍摄马纳若拉的全景照片。这是一个完美的风景拍摄点，游客接踵而至，将自己的身影与这片风景永久留存。

Walking slowly downwards from the steps, it was the dock of the village, harbouring many small boats. On the hill top, there was a restaurant called Nessun Dorma. It was a great place to order one drink like limoncello spritz cocktail and enjoy the beautiful view of Manarola.

Cinq Terre is famous for the luxuriant verdant lemon trees. The Nobel laureate Eugenio Montale has described it with the beautiful words like this,

The little path that winds down
along the slope plunges through cane-tufts
and opens suddenly into the orchard
among the moss-green trunks
of the lemon trees.

Except lemon drinks, Manarola also has the famous local wine, called Sciacchetrà which should be tasted by touristes.

缓步走下岸边台阶，此处便是村庄的码头，停泊了许多小船。在远处山顶上，有一家名为Nessun Dorma的餐厅。这里是点一杯柠檬鸡尾酒并欣赏马纳若拉美景的好地方。五渔村以茂盛翠绿的柠檬树而闻名。诺贝尔奖获得者埃乌杰尼奥·蒙塔莱用唯美的文字如此描述，

蜿蜒的小路

沿着斜坡深入甘蔗丛

在苔绿色的柠檬树干之间

那个果园突然乍现

除柠檬饮料外，马纳若拉还有当地著名的葡萄酒，称为Sciacchetrà，游客应当品尝一下。

The glamour of Cinq Terre also includes its wavy sea shore. Its upswelling tide pounds on the shore and the white waves flow over and hit on rocks like heaps of snow. At the dock of Manarola, there is one divided safety area for people to swim and experience the wildness of sea. I even saw some brave teenagers diving from the rock top into water; really crazy!

五渔村的魅力少不了它的波涛汹涌的海岸。海岸的岩石上，惊涛拍岸卷起千堆雪。在马纳若拉的码头，有一个划出的安全区供人们涉水挑战大海并体验大海的狂野。这里甚至可以看到一些勇敢的少年从岩石顶跳入水中，令人心惊肉跳！

I had also spent 1 hour to walk in the village. Manarola may be the oldest of the towns in the Cinque Terre so there are many historical buildings here. Since their houses were built along the mountain, most of the time, I was padding along the tortuous mountain trail. Their houses had the decorations of warm color like red pink, and yellow.

我还花了1个小时在村子里散步。马纳若拉可能是五渔村最古老的城镇，这里有许多古老建筑。由于房屋都是依山建造，所以大部分时间我都沿着曲折的山路徐徐前行。他们的房屋装饰的是暖色调，如红色，粉红色和黄色。

This is one stone arch bridge in the village leading to one local residence. This bridge straddling one babbling brook had a long history. On the mountain top, there is a old church called San Lorenzo which could be traced to 1338.

这是村里的一座石拱桥，通向一个当地居民住所。这座建在潺潺小溪上的桥颇有历史了。在山顶上，有一座古老的教堂叫San Lorenzo，其历史可以追溯到1338年。

There are many paths connecting the 5 villages of Cinq Terre. This is one famous walking trail between Manarola and Riomaggiore called Via dell’Amore, “Love’s Trail”. Many lovers had put locks with their names on the railings of the trail to memorize their precious loves. I firstly planned to walk from Manarola to Riomaggiore through the trail. Unfortunately, due to coronovirus, this trail was locked so I had to take train instead. At the train station, I really felt pity because I had to leave this beautiful place and I never knew what is my next time to come here.

许多小径连接五渔村的5个村庄。这是一条在马纳若拉和雷奥马乔里之间的著名步行小径Via dell’Amore，称为“ 爱情小径”。许多恋人将刻有他们名字的锁锁在小径的栏杆上，以纪念他们珍贵的爱情。我原本计划从马纳若拉经由此路步行到雷奥马乔里。不幸的是，由于新冠病毒，这条路被封锁了，所以我不得不另辟蹊径。在火车站不由得感叹无限江山别时容易见时难。

When I arrived at Riomaggiore, it was nearly at dusk. There are many restaurants and bars in the village. I could smell the intoxicating scent of wine from the valley when I walked along the street. The colorful houses here are similar with the ones in Manarola. I did not visit many places here. I just sat on the bench at sea side and gazed at the village and its sea shore and enjoy this peaceful moment.

抵达里奥马焦雷时，已是近黄昏。村子内众多餐馆和酒吧粼次节比。所到之处，小巷中溢出了令人陶醉的酒香。这里色彩缤纷的房屋与Manarola的房屋及其相似。我在这里并未信步闲游。唯有静静坐在海边的长椅上，凝望着村庄及其海岸，享受这岁月静好。

At 8:45 pm, the sun started to fall down slowly. The setting sun illuminated totally the sea level and tinged the water and sky with gold. The stylish houses along the mountains were silhouetted against the sun. At this moment, all the touristes pressed the button of their camera to grasp this incredible beautiful view. The distant horizon line waded little by little under the afterglow of the setting sun, leaving behind the last faint golden color. The breeze hits the flutuating waves and scatters the glow into numerous stars.

戌时三刻，太阳开始缓缓降落。落日照亮了整个海平面，并将水天一线染成淡淡的金色。沿山而建的房屋映衬在余晖下。此刻，所有游客都按下了相机的按钮，抓拍这绝世美景。遥远的地平线在落日的余辉的照耀下随着时间的流逝在海面上一点点消散，留下最后一抹暗淡的金色。微微风触浪，散做满天星。

When the night resumed her reign, the sea shore of Cinq Terre falled into silence again. The skyline became a total darkness and the crowd gradually dissipated. The only remaining was the twinkle of distant lights of the village and the whisper of visitors who was not willing to miss every moment of this beautiful place.

夜幕缓缓降临，五渔村的海边再次陷入沉寂。天际线变得一片漆黑，喧闹的人群逐渐散去。唯一弥留的是远处村庄里的灯火阑珊，以及依依不舍的游客的悄声絮语。

Pompeii – the city destroyed by volcano

January 1, 2021December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Pompei, TravelLeave a comment

庞贝 – 火山下毁灭的城市

Una furtiva Lagrima – cello y Piano

Pompeii is an ancient city of Roman empire located in the south of Napoli. It was buried under volcanic ash of thickness up to 4 to 6 m in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. The city was well preserved under the ash for 2000 years. After the excavation, it displayed the unique view of Roman life and Roman buildings. It becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. For the fans of Roman Empire, this will be a place of must-see.

庞贝城是位于那不勒斯南部的罗马帝国古城。在公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，它被埋在厚度达4至6米的火山灰下。这座城市在火山灰下完好保存了2000年。当它重见天日后，它展现了罗马时代的生活和罗马建筑的独特风貌。自1997年以来，它成为了联合国教科文组织的世界文化遗产。对于罗马帝国的粉丝来说，这是一个不可错过的地方。

I took the circumvesuviana train to the station Pompei Scavi-Villa dei Misteri and visited this place on July 19th 2020. This is entrance of the pompeii archaeological park. From here to the insides of the city, the aspects of the city are gradually shown to my eyes.

我乘坐circumvesuviana火车到Pompei Scavi-Villa dei Misteri车站，在2020年7月19日参观了这个地方。这是庞贝考古公园的入口。从这里进入城市深处，庞贝的风貌在我眼里逐渐展现出来。

I walked along the streets of the city under the scorching sunlight. The wide streets are made of uneven stone blocks. There are many similar streets in the city arranged horizontally and vertically. The city is planned like a chess board. The brick made houses along the streets were the residential place for local people when they were buried under the volcanico ash. When I idled along this road, I was really amazed at the historical vicissitude.

我在烈日下沿着街道漫步。宽阔的街道由高低不平的石头砌成。这里的街道基本是水平和垂直排列的，该市的规划就像棋盘一样。沿街的砖砌房屋是当地居民被埋在火山灰下时的住所。当我沿着这条路闲逛时，对历史的沧桑感到惊讶。

The Via dell’Abbondanza was the main street of ancient Pompeii, which was in the direction east/west from the Forum to the Porta Sarno. The street used to be full of hustle and bustle with many shops, snack-bars and restaurants but now the only things remaining are the cold stones and bricks that recorded the city’s history.

Abbondanza大街是庞贝古城的主要街道，从罗马广场到Sarno门东西而行。这条街上曾经到处都是熙熙攘攘的商店，小吃店和餐馆，但现在剩下的唯一遗迹就是记录城市历史的冰冷的砖石瓦砾。

There are many houses in the city and most of them are forbidden to visit for the reason of protection. This is one of the common residential houses that allow visitors to enter. I could enter and know more about the structure of their houses and how the room is arranged. The wall faces had showed signs of decay due to the infestation and erosions of ages.

城市里有很多房子，出于保护的原因，大多数房屋被禁止参观。这个是允许游客进入的普通住宅之一。我可以进去并深入解他们的房屋结构以及房间的布置方式。由于岁月的侵蚀，墙面已显示出腐烂的迹象。

In the southwest region of the city, I could see this small theatre The Odeon. It was a smaller roofed theatre built in 80 BC that could contain 1500 spectators. The Large Theatre in the city was used for staging drama whereas the Odeon was built for a more educated audience, as well as a musical concert performance.

在城市的西南区，我可以看到这个小剧院Odeon。它是一个较小的屋顶剧院，建于公元前80年，可容纳1500名观众。这座城市的大型剧院被用作公众舞台剧的演出，而这个小剧院则是为受教育的观众而建造的，并用于音乐会演出。

It was said that Roman empire finally collapsed because they lost the desire to fight and indulged in comforts like baths. It was true that I could find the ruins of bath in many Roman cities like Arles, Pisa, Roma, Tarragona … Roman citizens really enjoyed having bath so they built many luxurious bath houses in their cities. The Central Baths were under construction at the time of the eruption so it was just an open court yard after it was excavated.

罗马帝国因为失去了战斗的欲望并沉迷于安逸而最终分崩离析。在阿尔勒，比萨，罗马，塔拉戈纳等许多城市，我都在罗马浴场的废墟遍布足迹。罗马公民非常热衷于洗浴这种享受，因此他们在自己的城市建造了许多豪华的浴场。火山喷发时，中央浴场正在建设中，因此挖掘后这里只是一个开放的庭院。

In Pompeii, every house records the daily activity of the local people before they are buried under the volcanico ash. This is the house of Cecilio Giocondo who was a banker. His identity and name was deduced from the archive of 154 waxed boards excavated which recorded the amounts paid by the persons who buy the goods or paid the rents.

庞贝城的每所房屋都记录了当地居民在被火山灰掩埋之前的日常活动。这是银行家塞西利奥·乔康多（Cecilio Giocondo）的房子。他的身份和名字是从154个打蜡板的档案中发现的，其中记录了购买商品或支付租金的金额。

This house attracted me a lot because of its elegant garden surrounded by the perystyliums; in the Roman epoch, perystylium is the symbol of residence of wealthy family and is regarded as the symbol of upper class in the classical era.

这所房子非常吸引我的眼球，它典雅的花园环绕着列柱廊。在罗马时代，列柱廊是富裕家庭住所的象征，在古代被视为上层阶级的象征。

The garden was also decorated with reliefs and marble sculptures, and was dedicated to the Egyptian gods. There was a painting of Anubis, god of the dead, here. The house is called in this way because Cupids is engraved on two gold medallions that decorate the portico.

花园里还装饰浮雕和大理石雕塑，是献给埃及众神的。这里有一幅死神阿努比斯的画。这座房子之所以叫金色丘比特，是因为丘比特像刻在装饰门廊的两个金质纪念章上。

**Casa di marco lucrezio sulla via stabiana**

Before visiting Pompeii, I did not make a specific travel plan so I just visited in the city aimlessly and entered the room that I thought beautiful. This house has a small garden with a marble fountain. The statue inside the fountain is Silenus, a companion of the god of wine Dionysus in Greek mythology. The wall of the house is decorated with fresco and on the floor, there is a delicate moisac diagram.

在参观庞贝城之前，我并没有制定具体的旅行计划，因此我只是漫无目的地参观了这座城市，然后进入中意的房间。这所房子里有一个大理石喷泉的小花园。喷泉内的雕像是西勒努斯（Silenus），即希腊神话中的酒神狄俄尼索斯的同伴。房屋的墙壁装饰有壁画，地板上有精美的水波纹图。

The interesting thing in Pompeii is when you cross one street by street, you could not find any modern elements in every corner of the city. Every piece of stone and brick in this city has the history of 2000 years. In this street corner, I found this building called Lupanar which stands for brothel in Roman word. The building was classified as brothel because many erotic paintings and graffis were found after excavations. Prostitution in ancient Rome was legal and licensed so it would not be a surprise to find a brothel at that time.

庞贝城的有趣之处在于，当你穿街过巷时，在城市的每个角落都找不到任何现代元素。这里的每块砖石都有2000年的历史。在这个街角，我发现了这座名为Lupanar的建筑，该建筑物意思是罗马词中的妓院。它被认为是妓院是因为在发掘后发现了许多色情画和涂鸦。古罗马的嫖娼是合法并且有营业执照，所以找到那个时期的妓院就不足为奇了。

The Pompeians relaxed in the weekends not only in brothels but have spa as well. The Stabiane bath is the place for them to have their daily break in the spa. The baths culture of Roman Empire had a long history. This bath could be traced back to the 2nd century BC. The heating was guaranteed by a piping system in the walls and double floors that circulated the hot air coming from the furnaces and from braziers.

庞贝人在周末不仅在妓院里放松身心，还会去浴场做水疗。 Stabiane浴是他们每天在水疗中心休息的地方。罗马帝国的浴场文化历史悠久。这个浴池的历史可以追溯到公元前2世纪。墙壁和双层地板中的管道系统保证了供热，该系统将来自炉子和火盆中的热空气进行循环。

This spectacular house was built in 2 century B.C. It belongs to Marcus Epidius Rufus so it is called house of Epidii. It draws my attenton due to its 16 doric columns in the center of the house. The columns are located in the atrium of Corinthian type which is widely applied in Athens but quite rare in Pompeii.

这个壮观的房子建于公元前2世纪，它属于Marcus Epidius Rufus，所以被称为Epidii的房子。房子中央有16个多立克圆柱，它因此吸引了我的注意。柱子所在的是科林斯式的中庭，在雅典广泛使用，但在庞贝城中很少见。

To see the most traditional building of Roman Empire, the Forum is always the best place. It is the core of daily life of the city and houses all the main public buildings for city administration and justice, business management, trade activities, and religious worships.

要参观罗马帝国最传统的建筑，广场始终是最好的地方。它是城市日常生活的核心，并设有所有主要的公共建筑，用于城市管理和司法系统，商业管理，贸易活动和宗教崇拜。

For example, we could find this temple of Jupiter at the north end of the forum, built in mid-2nd century BC. Jupiter was the ruler of the gods and the protector of Rome so his temple was always the center of Roman Religion. Unfortunately, now we could simply imagine how it looked like because the only remaining on the square is the base and several columns.

例如，我们可以在广场北端看到这座朱比特神庙，该神庙建于公元前2世纪中叶。朱比特是众神的统治者和罗马的保护神，因此他的神庙始终是罗马宗教的核心。不过，现在我们只能简单地脑补一下它是什么样子了，因为广场上唯一剩下的就是基座和几列柱子。

On the east of the forum, we could see the Macellum, the market of Pompeii. It is difficult to know the function of the buildings for me but the archeologists could judge it from the remains of cereals and fruits in the north side of the building and fish scales and bones in the middle of the courtyard. The entrance of the market could be recognized by the three marble columns at the left side of this picture.

在广场的东部可以看到Macellum，即庞贝的市场。对我来说很难知晓该建筑物的功能，但是考古学家根据建筑物北侧的谷物和水果以及院子中部的鱼鳞和骨头的残骸来判断它是一座市场。市场入口可以通过该图左侧的三个大理石柱来识别。

On the sides of the temple of Jupiter, there were two old honorary arches made of bricks. This arch dedicated to Drusus, son of Emperor Tiberius was built in the era of Tiberius (14-37 AD) near the temple of Fortuna Augusta. The arch together with many buildings represented the imperial cult. It is a form of state religion in which an emperor of Roman Empire are worshipped as demigods or deities. This is an effective tool for dictators to rule the country.

在朱比特神庙的侧面，有两个用砖砌成的荣誉拱门。这座献给Tiberius皇帝之子德鲁斯的拱门建于Tiberius时代（公元14-37年），靠近奥古斯都神庙。这座拱门与许多建筑物一起代表了对帝国的崇拜。这是一种国家宗教形式，罗马帝国皇帝被奉为半神或神。这是独裁者统治国家的有效工具。

This is the temple dedicated to the Emperor Augustu. It has marble capitals and columns and with the altar at the front. It is also one example of the imperial worship throughout the Roman Empire. This kind of worship has left a deep impact to many people even after the empire collapsed. Many european rulers had claimed that they inherited the Roman empire but obviously there is no such a relationship at all.

这是献给奥古斯都皇帝的神庙。它装饰有大理石的柱头和柱子，祭坛位于神庙前。这个神庙也是整个罗马帝国崇拜的一个例子。即使在帝国崩溃后，这种崇拜也对许多人产生了深远的影响。许多欧洲统治者声称他们继承了罗马帝国的衣钵，但显然根本就没有这种关系。

Another typical symbol of Roman city is the Amphitheatre. This one is the earliest Roman amphitheatre built of stone. It is located at the east side of the Via dell’Abbondanza. Its past represents the bloody gladiatorial culture of Roman Empire. Now it becomes a place for public event and concert.

古罗马城市的另一个典型标志是露天剧场。这是最早的用石头建造的罗马圆形剧场。它位于Abbondanza大街的东侧。它的过去代表着罗马帝国血腥的角斗士文化。现在它已成为举办公共活动和音乐会的地方。

I totally spent more than 5 hours in Pompeii. Lastly I have to highlight this one, Casa del Fauno. It was one of the largest and the luxurious private residences in Pompeii. The house was named by the bronze statue of the dancing faun located in the impluvium, a basin for catching rainwater. Fauns are spirits of untamed woodland.

我在庞贝旅游总共花了5个多小时。最后我要特意提一下这个房子Casa del Fauno。它是庞贝最大的豪华私人住宅之一。这座房子的名字是由舞池中的青铜雕像福恩命名的。福恩是未驯服的森林精灵。

**Alexander Mosaic, the Battle of Issus**

The House of the Faun covers nearly 3000 square metres and has two atriums, the Tuscan and the peristyle atrium. Its colonnaded gardens contain Ionic and Doric columns. The jewel of the crown for this house is the famous Alexander Mosaic, depicting the Battle of Issus in 333 BC between Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia. The mosaic is now preserved in the museum of Napoli so we could not see it here.

这个住宅占地近3000平方米，有两个中庭，托斯卡纳和长型柱式中庭。它的柱廊花园包含艾奥尼亚式和多立克式柱。这座房子里的吉光片羽就是著名的亚历山大马赛克地板镶嵌画，它描绘了公元前333年亚历山大大帝与波斯大流士三世之间的伊苏斯战役。该画现在保存在那不勒斯博物馆中，因此我们在这里看不到它。

The house 2000 years ago includes one kitchen, one living room and many bedrooms with furnitures. It is even equipped with a private bath system. Its owner must be a very wealthy person.

这个2000年前的房屋包括一个厨房，一个客厅和许多带家具的卧室。它甚至配备了完善的盆浴系统。它的所有者一定是一个富可敌国的人。

This is the exit of the archeological park. The park is so large that it is difficult to cover every corner in the city but for most people it was enough for them to familiarize with the buildings of Roman empire. In this picture, we could see clearly the volcano Vesuvius that caused the ruin of the city. On one hand, it was a tragedy that the volcano was the murderer who had killed 20,000 people in the instant. However, on the other side, the volcano ash kept the original form of the city and Pompeii is the only city of Roman empire that is well preserved. So whether the volcano did it correct or not? Who knows ?! Let the history jusge it.

这是考古公园的出口。公园如此之大游客很难覆盖城市的每个角落，但对于大多数人来说，足够让他们熟悉罗马帝国的建筑了。在这张照片，我们可以清楚地看到导致这座城市毁灭的维苏威火山。一方面，这绝对是个悲剧，火山是瞬间杀死了20,000人的元凶。但是，另一方面，火山灰却完整地保留了该城市的原貌，并且庞贝城也是罗马帝国唯一一座保存完好的城市。那么，究竟是对还是错？还是让历史来判断吧。

Torna A Surriento

December 21, 2020December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Surriento, TravelLeave a comment

重归苏莲托

Torna A Surriento

When I was in high school, the name of Sorrento was known to me because of the famous Neapolitean song Torna a Surriento by Luciano Pavarotti. The outset of the song is ‘Vide ‘o mare quant’è bello, spira tantu sentimento’ which means ‘Look at the sea, how beautiful it is, it inspires so many emotions’. From that time, I wondered how beautiful the coast is until in 20 July 2020, I finally visited this place and glimpsed the eternal azureness.

回首上学往事，曾因卢西亚诺·帕瓦罗蒂著名的那波利民歌“ 重归苏莲托”而知晓苏莲托小镇的大名。这首歌的开头是“凝视着苏莲托的大海，它是如此之美，激发了我无限的感情”。从那以后，我就异常神往那楚楚动人的海岸，这一斯执念直到2020年7月20日的盛夏，我终于亲临了这片神奇的土地，目睹了那一抹消失不去的湛蓝。

Sorrento is a town located on the Sorrentine Peninsula accessible by the Circumvesuviana rail line from Napoli. It is quite convenient to come here from the Napoli Centrale station with just 3.6 euros. This town has the area of only 9 km² so there is nothing special to visit here. This is the central area of Sorrento, the Piazza Tasso, named after the poet Torquato Tasso.

苏莲托是位于索伦丁半岛上的一个小镇，从那不勒斯可以做Circumvesuviana铁路线到达。经那不勒斯中央车站来此处旅游十分便利，全程只需3.6欧元。这个小镇的面积只有9平方公里，因此这里没有什么特别著名的景点。这是本镇的中心地区，塔索广场，以意大利诗人托尔卡托·塔索命名。

The town is surrounded by rough cliffs that rise 55 meters above the sea. The town look like being built on different layers. The town’s weather is the traditional Mediterranean weather; it is rich of vegetation like lemon trees. Lemon is the best choice for making homemade limoncello liqueur in Sorrento because its lemons are extremely aromatic with very few seeds.

苏莲托四周被悬崖峭壁包围，悬崖高55米。小镇层次感分明。该镇的天气是传统的地中海气候，柠檬树等植被丰富。苏莲托的柠檬是自制柠檬酒的最佳选择，芳香扑鼻，里面几乎没有籽。

The Piazza Sant’Antonino is one square that is close to the Piazza Tasso. There’s a statue of Sant’Antonino in front of the Conservatorio Santa Maria delle Grazie which forms part of the Santa Maria delle Grazie church. The color style of many building in this town is light yellow, traditional color of Italien renaissance building.

圣安东尼奥广场是塔索广场附近的一个广场。圣安东尼的雕像竖立在圣玛利亚音乐学院之前，它们也是圣玛丽亚感恩教堂的一部分。这个镇上诸多建筑物的色调是传统意大利文艺复兴的浅黄色。

The Villa Comunale is small park on the cliff with beautifully-manicured gardens and the visitors could see one of the best views of the coast. There is a charged lift here and the visitors could take the lift down to the Marina Piccola coast.

这个Villa Comunale是悬崖上的一个小公园，中有修剪精美的花园，游客可以在这里欣赏到海岸景观。旁边有一个收费电梯，游客可以乘电梯到Marina Piccola海岸。

After short thinking, I didn’t take the lift because there is a steep paved road towards the bottom of the cliff. When I travelled in Europe, walk was always my first choise. For me, it was the best way to relax.

斟酌再三我舍弃电梯而选择了一条通向悬崖底部的陡峭石子路。当我在欧洲漫游时，步行始终是我的第一选择。对我而言，这是放松身心的最佳方式。

This is the transportation area of the marina. When I went down quickly to the bottom of the cliff, I found many travel boats and some crowding restaurants and bars here. Please stop here for a while and enjoy the most beautiful view of Sorrento is in this area.

这是海滨的公共交通区域。当我急速奔下悬崖的时候，我发现这里有很多的旅游船和熙熙攘攘的餐馆酒吧。要观赏苏莲托最美丽的景色就在此处驻足片刻吧。

The visitors could enjoy the beach in the summer, warm sun light and endless blue sky as far eyes can see at the Sorrento coast. Also the stylish houses faraway on the cliff hiding in the trees are remarkable.

游客可以在苏莲托海岸享受夏日的海滩，温暖的阳光和一望无际的蓝天。远处悬崖上在树木中若隐若现的独特风格的房屋也特别引人注目。

Most touriste will come here from Napoli or the coast of Amalfi by boat and rent a chaise longue under sun umbrellas at the sea side. They will bask idly in the bath of sun light for a whole beautiful day accompanied by red wine and beautiful girls.

大多数游客会乘船从那不勒斯或阿马尔菲海岸来这里，在海边太阳伞下租用公用躺椅。他们慵懒地与红酒佳人相伴在日光浴中潇洒地度过美好的一天。

This is one picture taken at the port. At this moment, when the warm intoxicating winds were blowing ashore, I am staring at the Mount Vesuvius which is visible at the far side of the sea and the sky. The sea reflects the pure azureness of the sky and both of them fuse together. Now it seams that my heart has also melted into this beautiful sea. Just as the song Torna a Surriento extolled ‘ chi ha girato tutto ‘o munno, nun l’ha visto comme’a ccà.’ (Even he has travelled all over the world, he has never seen a sea like this one.)

这是在港口拍摄的一张照片。当醉人的暖风吹向海岸时，我凝视着海空尽头的维苏威火山。大海反射出天空纯净的蓝色，两者几乎融为一体。此时似乎我的心也融化在这美丽的大海中。正如重归苏莲托歌词赞颂的那样，即使已经环游世界，我也从未见过如此壮丽的大海。

It is convenient to travel to other place nearby like Capri island and Amalfi from the port if the time is enough.By boat, you could fully experience the charisma of the sea in the Campania region.

如果时间充足的话，从港口前往周围的卡普里岛和阿马尔菲等地方也很方便，乘船可以充分体验坎帕尼亚地区大海的魅力。

For myself, travel is like on the way of looking for the new elements that I have never known before. I have to say that if I didn’t know the song Torna a Surriento, I would never come to this new land and would not know how it is. So I have to tell myself endlessly the meaning of the life is ‘always keep on exploring the novelty and your soul will be refreshed.’

对我而言，旅行就像是在寻找以前闻所未闻的新元素一样。不得不说，如果我不知道《重归苏莲托》这首歌，我将永远不会来片”新大陆”旅游也就不会了解这片异域风光究竟如何。因此，我心中的一个声音在不停地呼唤我。那就是生活的意义就是“持续探索新鲜领域，让自己的内心焕然一新”。

Follow the steps of Romeo and Juliet

December 14, 2020December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Romeo and Juliet, Travel, VeronaLeave a comment

追寻罗密欧与朱丽叶的足迹

Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet

Verona is a small city in the west of Venice. It is an old city ruled by the Della Scala Family in 13th and 14th century. Its old history could be traced back to the Roman Empire. Nowadays there are many monuments in the city center built during these periods. That’s why it is classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The famous love story of Romeo and Juliet is set in Verona so it attracts many touristes to visit every year.

维罗纳是威尼斯西边的一个小城市。它是13世纪和14世纪间由斯卡拉家族统治的古老城市。它的悠久历史可以追溯到罗马帝国时期。如今市中心里有许多这些时期建造的古迹。这就是为什么它被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。罗密欧与朱丽叶的著名爱情故事也发生在维罗纳，因此每年吸引着众多游客。

I arrived at this city on the noon of July 23rd 2020 and afterwards I would catch the train towards Turin in the evening so there are only several hours for me to visit it.

我于2020年7月23日中午到达这座城市，之后我晚上乘火车前往都灵，在此期间我只有几个小时参观它。

This is the statue of gladiator outside the Verona train station. When I left the station and walked towards the city center, I could see this statue. It seems to tell the visitors that this city has an old history and the culture inherited from the Ancient Rome.

这是维罗纳火车站外的角斗士雕像。当我离开车站走向市中心时就可以看到这尊雕像。它似乎告诉游客这座城市具有古老的历史和源于古罗马文化。

The Portoni della Brà is the town gate, enclosing the Piazza Brà to the south. Originally the Portoni della Brà was not designed as a city gate but as a passageway between the Castelvecchio and the Citadel. Now the last remains of the walls of the former Citadel could be seen. Both the archways and the former citadel were built by Gian Galeazzo Visconti in the 14^th century.

Brà 之门是城镇的大门，Brà 广场就在城门南部。最初它并不是作为城市大门而设计的，而是作为旧城堡与城墙之间的通道。现在依稀可以看到以前城堡遗留的痕迹。这座拱门和曾经的城堡都是由吉安·加莱佐·维斯孔蒂（Gian Galeazzo Visconti）于14世纪建造的。

When I entered the city gate, I could find this palace at the Piazza Brà. The Palazzo Barbieri looks like the Roman building but it is actually the neoclassical style; it now serves as the town hall. It was designed by Giuseppe Barbieri and was completed by 1848.

当我进入城门时，这座宫殿在Brà广场赫然出现。这座巴比耶宫（Palazzo Barbieri）神似罗马建筑，但实际上是新古典主义风格。现在作为维罗纳的市政厅。它由朱塞佩·巴比耶（Giuseppe Barbieri）设计，于1848年完工。

In the north of the Piazza Brà, it is the famous Verona arena which is the third largest Roman amphitheatre in Italy. The arena was built in the 1^st century AD by the Flavian emperors. The gladiators fought here bloodily for 400 years until the emperor Honorius prohibited the gladiator games in 404 AD. Nowadays, it became a perfect place to see the opera and theatre performances.

在Brà广场北部耸立着著名的维罗纳竞技场，它是意大利第三大的古罗马圆形竞技场。竞技场由弗拉维安（Flavian）皇帝于1世纪建造。角斗士们在这里血腥搏杀了400年，直到Honorius皇帝在公元404年禁止角斗士比赛。如今，它已成为观看歌剧和戏剧表演的理想场所。

This was one old church nearby, the chiesa di san fermo maggiore. Its history could be traced to the 8th century.

这是附近的一座古老教堂San fermo maggiore。它的历史可以追溯到8世纪。

The campanile was completed in the 13th century and contains six bells cast in 1755. It rung with the Veronese bellringing art which is a unique style of ringing church bells that developed around Verona from the eighteenth century. The bells are rung full circle, being held up by a rope and wheel until a note is required.

教堂钟楼于13世纪建成，塔上是1755年铸造的6口钟。钟声的响动是一种维罗纳的钟音艺术，这是一种18世纪时期在维罗纳周边发展起来的独特教堂钟声。钟由绳子和轮子将其固定住响动整整一圈完成一个音符。

Near the church I could find the statue of Umberto I who was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination on 29 July 1900. Under his reign, the Triple Alliance with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary was formed. Also Italy has expanded their colonies in Eritrea and Somalia at that time.

在教堂附近可以看到翁贝托一世的雕像，从1878年1月9日到1900年7月29日被暗杀期间，他都是意大利的国王。在他的统治下确立了与德国和奥匈帝国的三国同盟。当时意大利还扩大了在厄立特里亚和索马里的殖民地。

Next I visited one square with very old history. The Piazza delle Erbe (Market’s square) was once the town’s forum during the time of the Roman Empire. Now it becomes one crowded marketplace selling clothes qnd small articles. The fountain in this picture is the Fountain Madonna Verona built in 1368 by Cansignorio della Scala. The statue called Madonna Verona was a Roman sculpture dating to 380 AD.

接下来，我参观了一个有着悠久历史的广场。香草广场（Plazza delle Erbe）曾经是罗马帝国时期的广场。现在它变成了一个熙熙攘攘的杂货市场，出售衣服和小物件。这张照片中的喷泉是维罗纳圣女喷泉。它由Cansignorio della Scala于1368年建造。这座雕像是公元380年的罗马雕塑。

In the square, there is one 84 m high bell tower. The Torre dei Lamberti was constructed in 1172. This tower could be seen from the city streets very far away. The main color style of city is brownish red, the tower and archway on the square also follow this pattern.

在香草广场上，有一座高84m的钟楼。Lamberti钟塔建于1172年。从遥远的城市街道上就可以看到这座塔。该城市的主色是棕红色，广场上的塔楼和拱门也遵循这种色调。

On the north-western side of Piazza delle Erbe, we could find this Baroque style building Palazzo Maffei in the 15th century. It has five arcades. Over each arcade there is a window with an elegant balcony separated by Ionic semicolumns. There are six sculptures of Greek god on the top of the building. In front of the palace, we could see a white marble column. It is St. Mark’s Lion, symbol of the Republic of Venice.

在香草广场的西北侧可以看到这座巴洛克风格的建筑Maffei宫，建于15世纪。它有五个拱廊。在每个拱廊上都有一个精致的阳台窗户，阳台之间被爱奥尼亚半柱隔开。建筑物顶部有六个希腊神雕塑。在Maffei宫殿前有一个白色的大理石柱。它是威尼斯共和国的象征圣马可雄狮。

Near the Piazza delle Erbe, there is another square, the Piazza dei Signori which was surrounded by the main buildings of the former city government, including the court and the seat of power of the Scaliger family. There is one statue of Italian poet Dante Alighieri in the middle of the square. Behind the statue, the yellow building is the Loggia del Consiglio. The Venetian Renaissance style house was built in 1476 by Fra Giocondo. It was decorated with columned double windows and small statues on the roof . The loggia with this kind of decoration is quite popular in Italy.

在香草广场附近，还有另一个广场-领主广场，它周围是前市政府的主要建筑，包括法院和Scaliger家族的权力所在地。广场中间有一尊意大利诗人但丁的雕像。雕像后面的黄色的建筑是Consiglio凉廊。这座威尼斯文艺复兴时期风格的房子由Fra Giocondo于1476年建造。它装饰有柱式的双扇窗户和屋顶上的小雕像。这种装饰的凉廊在意大利颇为常见。

The Scaliger family ruled in Verona from the 13th to the late 14th century so it has left deep imprints on this city. This is the view of the tombs of Scaliger family. The gothic style tombs are located in a court outside the church of Santa Maria Antica, separated from the street by a wall with iron grilles. The rule of the Scaliger reached its peak during the period of Mastino II (1308-1351) and his son Cansignorio (1334-1375). A statue of the knight locates at the top of the tomb of Cansignorio.

Scaliger家族从13世纪到14世纪末在维罗纳统治，因此在这座城市上留下了他们深刻的烙印。这是Scaliger家族陵墓的景色。哥特式墓群位于圣玛丽亚安提卡教堂外的庭院中，与街道之间被铁栅栏隔开。在Mastino二世（1308-1351）和他的儿子Cansignorio（1334-1375）时期，Scaliger家族的统治达到了顶峰。一座骑士雕像位于Cansignorio墓的顶部。

The Santa Maria Antica church is Romanesque in style and dates to 1185, rebuilt after the earthquake of 1117. The original building could be dated back to the end of the period of Lombard domination in the 7th century.

圣玛丽亚安提卡教堂采用罗马式风格，可追溯至1185年，在1117年地震后进行了重建。原来建筑的历史可以追溯到7世纪伦巴第统治时期的末期。

The church has a small bell tower with three bells cast during the 17th century ringing in the Veronese syle.

教堂有一座小钟楼，钟楼上是17世纪铸造的钟，也是维罗纳式的钟鸣风格。

‘Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene ‘; this is the prologue from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. For visitors especially lovers, it is meaningful to follow the steps of Romeo and Juliet and visit their houses. This is the house of Romeo located in an alley, just behind the Scala Family tombs. It looks like a brick castle.

“故事发生在维罗纳名城，有两家门第相当的巨族，” 这是莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的序幕。对于游客尤其是情人来说，追寻罗密欧与朱丽叶的足迹并参观他们的房子意义非凡的。这里是罗密欧之家，位于斯卡拉家族陵墓后面的一条小巷中。它看起来就像一座砖制城堡。

In Shakespear’s play Act 1, Romeo has tested Juliet’s feeling towards him using the metaphor, he said ‘ If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. He uses the metaphors of shrine, and pilgrim which is romantic in the poetry.

在莎士比亚的戏剧第一幕中，罗密欧用暗喻试探了朱丽叶对他的感觉，他说“要是我这俗手上的尘污亵渎了你的神圣的庙宇，这两片嘴唇，含羞的朝圣者，愿意用一吻乞求你宥恕。” 他使用神圣的庙宇和朝圣者的比喻，这在诗歌中是非常浪漫的。

This is the Juliet’s house with the most romantic balcony in the world. It was a beautiful Gothic style house from the 14^th century. The city of Verona bought the house from the Dal Capello family in 1905 and made it to be a touriste attraction. It was said that the lovers who write down their love vows and stick them on the wall of the house will stay together for the rest of their lives.

这是朱丽叶之家，据说拥有世界上最浪漫的阳台。这是一栋14世纪美丽的哥特式房屋。维罗纳市于1905年从Dal Capello家族手中购买了这所房子，并成为旅游胜地。据说，书写下爱之誓言并将其贴在房屋墙壁上的恋人将白头偕老。

In Shakespear’s play Act 1, Juliet answered Romeo with metaphor as well, ‘ Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, Which mannerly devotion shows in this;
For saints have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch, And palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss.’

在莎士比亚的戏剧第一幕中，朱丽叶也用一个暗喻回答了罗密欧 “ 朝圣者，莫把你的手侮辱，这样才是最虔诚的礼敬，神明的手本许信徒接触，掌心的密合远胜如亲吻。”

The so called Juliet balcony actually never existed. It was famous because there was the well known scene ‘ when the moon shone unusually bright, that whilst Romeo was climbing the balcony, the young lady … opened the window … After this they have a conversation in which they declare eternal love to each other. ‘

所谓的朱丽叶阳台实际上从未存在过。之所以出名是因为有一个众所周知的场景，“当月亮照得异常明亮时，罗密欧爬到朱丽叶的阳台上，朱丽叶为他打开了窗户…之后，他们山盟海誓，在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。”

Of course people are willing to talk delighly of this romantic story for thousands of years and Verona have attracted many touristes looking for romance because of this. There is a bronze statue of Juliet in the small courtyard of the house. It is believed that touching the right breast of the statue will bring luck to all who are trying to find their true love.

当然，人们长久以来都愿意漫谈这个浪漫的故事，因此维罗纳吸引了众多追寻浪漫的游客。朱丽叶之家的小院子里有朱丽叶的青铜雕像。据说轻轻触摸雕像的右胸会给所有遍寻天下追求真爱的人带来好运。

When I walked northwards, I arrived at the river side of the Adige River. The five-arch bridge was originally built in the 16th but it was destroyed during the second world war. The bridge nowadays was restored in 1959 based on previous design. It was also a testimony of the city’s history.

当我继续向北走时，我到达了阿迪杰河的河边。五眼拱桥最初建于16世纪，但在第二次世界大战期间被摧毁。如今，这座桥于1959年按照原样进行了修复。它也是这座城市历史的见证。

I took this picture on the stone bridge. The sight of the city from the bridge has brought my memory to the time of reading Shakespear’s Romeo and Juliet. Shakespear has never gone to Verona in his life but he could write such a good story and whelm so many readers in the world. For me I was lucky enough to visit this wonderful land under the pens of Shakespear. My life is always full of imagination and travel is like a way to convert rich imagination to reality.

我在石桥上拍了这张照片。从桥上眺望城市的风景，勾起了我对读莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》时的回忆。莎士比亚一生从未到过维罗纳，但他可以写出如此出色的作品，并感动了世界上如此多的读者。对我而言，我很幸运能游览这个莎士比亚笔下的神奇土地。我的生活中总是充满了想象力，而旅行就是一种将丰富想象力转化为现实的一种方法。

The summer of Venice

November 23, 2020December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged summer trip, Travel, VeniceLeave a comment

威尼斯之夏

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi- Love In Venice

Due to the coronovirus, all the trips have to be cancelled during the winter. I am happy that I could have a wonderful trip this summer after Europe reopens from June.

由于新冠病毒，今年所有冬季的旅行都必须要取消了。我特别庆幸从六月开始欧洲重新解封之后，我开始一个美好的夏季之旅。

Venice is famous for its numerous islands and bridges. It is always the on the top of the recommendation list for touristes. It has a long history. At the period of Venice Republic, it was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages. The lagoon and the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This time I finally could see this beautiful city with my own eyes. I have recorded some my travel experience on Youtube as well and I will always remember it.

威尼斯以其众多的岛屿和桥梁而闻名。对于游客来说，它始终是旅游的上上之选。它历史悠久。在威尼斯共和国时期，它是中世纪的主要金融中心和海上霸主。威尼斯的泻湖和城市一起被列为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。这次我终于可以亲眼目睹这座美丽的城市。我难忘的旅行也记录在了YouTube的视频里。

I arrived at the Santa Lucia train station in the main island of Venice in the early morning of July 21st 2020. This is the first view of the city when I got out of the station hall. The whole city was so quiet this moment, without any disruption. It is the moment to experience what is the real Venice.

2020年7月21日清晨，我抵达了威尼斯主岛的桑塔露西亚火车站。这是我离开车站大厅目睹威尼斯的第一眼。此刻整个城市是如此安静，与世无争。这是体验真正的威尼斯的时候了。

At the first sight, I was astonished by the wide river and so many boats put in order at the quay. When I just came, I did not know why there were so many orange colored shacks on the quay. Actually, they were the waiting room or bus stop for the water bus. In Venice, the public transportation is the vaporetto, or you could call it the water bus. People wait for the water bus in the shacks on the quay.

初来乍到，这里宽阔的河水令我感到惊讶，码头上整整齐齐地停着许多船。当我刚来之时，我不知道为什么码头上有这么多橙色棚屋。实际上，它们是水上巴士的候车室或巴士站。在威尼斯，公共交通工具是汽艇，也可以称为水上巴士。人们在码头棚屋里等待水上巴士。

When I crossed the city area, I was amazed to find that there are so many small rivers in the city and I had to cross so many small bridges one by one. The bottom of all the buildings is immersed in the water and the buildings are seperated by the rivers. It was quite difficult to find the correct road in these complicated waterways.

当我穿过市区时，我惊讶地发现城里有这么多小河，而且我不得不一座座跨过这么多小桥。所有建筑的底部都浸在水中，这些建筑被河道隔开。在这些错综复杂的水道中很容易就迷路了。

After 30 minutes’ walk in the labyrinth, I finally found the landmark of Venice, the Rialto bridge. It is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. The first bridge was built in 1180, made of wooden but it was broken in 1444. The current stone bridge was designed by Antonio da Ponte, constructed in 1588 and completed in 1591. The story of Shakespear’s comedy The merchant of Venice happened here.

在迷宫中走了30分钟之后，我终于找到了威尼斯的地标，里亚托桥。它是横跨大运河的四座桥梁中最古老的一座。最早的木桥建于1180年，但在1444年被毁。目前的石桥是由安东尼奥·达·庞特设计的，建于1588年，于1591年完工。莎士比亚的喜剧《威尼斯商人》的故事就发生在这里。

When I walked on the top of the Rialto bridge, the beautiful view of the Grand Canal could be seen. The banks of the Grand Canal are lined with multicolored old buildings dating from the 13th to the 18th century. The Grand Canal starts from the Santa Lucia train station and is the major route of transportation in Venice.

当我走在里亚托桥的拱顶时，可以欣赏到大运河的美丽景色。大运河的河岸两旁是色彩缤纷的古建筑，其历史可追溯至13世纪到18世纪。大运河从桑塔露西亚火车站出发，是威尼斯的主要运输线。

This is the clocktower with the archway leading to the Rialto bridge. There is a shopping street connecting the bridge and the St Mark square.

这是通向里亚托桥的一座带拱门的钟楼。有一条购物街连接此桥和圣马可广场.

From the Rialto bridge southwards, I could get to the famous Saint Mark’s Square in just 10 minutes. Napoleon has called the square “the drawing room of Europe”. The very tall building is the St Mark’s Campanile, the bell tower with height of 98.6 meter which was built in the end of 15 century.

从里亚托桥向南，仅需10分钟即可到达著名的圣马可广场。拿破仑称这个广场为“欧洲的会客厅”。这座很高的建筑是圣马可钟楼，这座钟楼高98.6米，建于15世纪末。

**Basilica Cattedrale Patriarcale di San Marco**

This is the St Mark’s Basilica viewed from Piazza San Marco. It is the typical Italo-Byzantine architecture. It was built in 828 to house the corpse of St Mark, the writer of the second gospel. Previously, it was the chapel of the Doge, and has been the city’s cathedral only since 1807. On the top of dome in the central axle, I could see some sculptures. They are the Venice’s patron apostle St. Mark with angels. Underneath the sculptures, there is a dazzling golden winged lion.

这是从圣马可广场处看到的圣马可大教堂。它是典型的拜占庭式建筑。它建于828年，用来保存第二本福音书的作者圣马可的遗体。以前它是威尼斯总督的教堂，自1807年以来成为城市公用的大教堂。在中轴圆顶的顶部，可以看到一些雕塑。他们是威尼斯的守护神圣马可以及天使。在雕塑的下方，有一个耀眼的金翅狮。

This is another side of the St Mark’s Basilica. There are two stone lions standing here to protect this city. In Venice, you could always find many lions with or without wings. They are the symbol of the city.

这是圣马可大教堂的另一侧。这里矗立着两只石狮保护这座城市。在威尼斯，你总是可以看到许多张翅或者没有翅膀的狮子。它们是城市的象征。

Adjacent to the St Mark’s basilica, it is the Doge’s Palace. The palace was the residence of the Doge of Venice, the ruler of the former Venice Republic. The old Byzantine style palace was built in 814 but it was destroyed in a fire. What we have seen here was the gothic palace built in 1340.

毗邻圣马可大教堂的地方是总督宫。这座宫殿是前威尼斯共和国统治者威尼斯总督的住所。古老的拜占庭风格的宫殿建于814年，但在大火中被摧毁。我们在这里看到的是建于1340年的哥特式宫殿。

This is one of the famous painting in the palace. The painting which is done by Giovan Battista Tiepolo in 1740 is seen as a symbol of the wealth and power of the Republic of Venice based on their control of the sea.

这是宫殿中的著名画作之一，海神向威尼斯献礼。乔凡·巴蒂斯塔·提埃波罗（Giovan Battista Tiepolo）在1740年完成的这幅画被视为拥有制海权的威尼斯共和国的财富和力量的象征。

At the other side of the Doge’s Palace, it is the bridge of Sigh connecting the new prison and the interrogation rooms in the palace. The bridge made of white limestone was built in 1600, designed by Antonio Contino. It is named of sigh because when the prisoners passed through the bridge, they would confess their crime in their heart and sigh silently. It is heard that if a couple kisses under the bridge, they will enjoy an eternal love.

在总督宫的另一侧，是叹息桥，连接新监狱和宫中的审讯室。这座由白色石灰石制成的桥建于1600年，由Antonio Contino设计。之所以称为叹息桥，是因为当囚犯穿过此桥时，他们会默默坦白自己的罪行并且暗自叹息。据说如果一对情侣在桥下亲吻，他们将享有永恒的爱。

This is the far view of Church of San Giorgio Maggiore from the dock Saint Mark. Many blue gandolas anchor here. The rental of gandola is quite expensive, one person 80 euros. Here is the end point of the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal will run into the Adriatic Sea. The San Giorgio Maggiore church is the classical Renaissance style built between 1566 and 1610.

这里是从圣马可码头遥望San Giorgio Maggiore教堂的景色。许多蓝色的刚多拉停泊在这里。刚多拉的租金是相当昂贵，一个人要80欧元。这里是大运河的终点。大运河从此处将汇入亚得里亚海。San Giorgio Maggiore教堂是建于1566年至1610年之间的古典文艺复兴风格建筑。

This is the dock of Saint Mark. The doge’s palace is just at the dock. In the morning, only a few gondolas are sailing. Most of them were waiting in the quay.

这是圣马可码头。总督宫就在码头边上。早上，只有几艘刚多拉在航行。它们中的大多数都在码头待命。

This is another unique building in the Castello district. The Venetian Arsenal is a complex of former shipyards and armories. It was built around 1104, during the Venice’s republican era. It became the largest industrial complex in Europe before the Industrial Revolution. The arsenal had the mass production capacity to ensure the supermacy of the Republic in the Mediterranean. Nowadays, this area was owned by the Italien government and forbidden for entry.

这是Castello区的一座独特建筑。威尼斯兵工厂是由以前的造船厂和军械库组成的建筑群。它建于1104年左右的共和国时代。在工业革命之前，它是欧洲最大的工业基地。兵工厂具有大规模生产能力，以确保威尼斯共和国在地中海的至高地位。如今，该地区属于意大利政府所有，禁止闲人入内。

This is the main gate of the Venetian Arsenal. We could see the stone lion of Saint Mark above the main gate. The building is the Byzantine-style.

这是威尼斯兵工厂的正门。我们可以在正门上方看到圣马可石狮。该建筑也是拜占庭风格。

After I visited the famous landmarks, I had plenty time to idle along the rivers and streets. There are numerous small arch bridges, colorful houses, and difform boats. It was easy to take the picturesque photos in each corner of Venice.

参观了著名的地标后，我有很多时间在小河边和街道上闲逛。威尼斯有许多小型拱桥，色彩缤纷的房屋和形状各异的小船。在每个角落里都能够拍出风景如画的照片。

Here is the view of back street with the small bridge Cappello. I could see clearly the baroque styled balcony of the residence and the ups and downs of the steps of the middle ages.

这是背街小桥Cappello的景观。我可以清楚地看到民居上的巴洛克风格阳台以及起伏的中世纪台阶。

This is a very common and unremarkable house. When I passed through it, I only noticed it due to one plaque on the wall that shows it was the old residence of the great explorer Marco Polo who had travelled to China at that time.

这是一间非常普通无奇的房子。当我经过它时，我只注意到它墙上有一块匾，表明那是当时前往中国的伟大探险家马可波罗的故居。

In the whole morning, I kept on walking relentlessly and finally felt tired. Then I bought one ticket of water bus and travelled to other small islands near the main island. The ticket is 20 euro for 1 day’s trip in Venice. It means that I could take the water bus for unlimited times in the following 24 hours.

整个早晨，我一直不停地走着，也感到一丝疲倦。然后我就买了一张水上巴士票，去参观了主岛附近的其他小岛。威尼斯一日的船票为20欧元。这意味着我可以在接下来的24小时内无限次乘坐水上巴士。

I have recorded my expereince of travel on the boat in Youtube.

In the afternoon, I firstly went to the island Murano.It is renown for its long tradition of glass-making. Its reputation as a center for glassmaking could be traced to the period of republic since the authority feared that the fire would destruct the city’s mostly wooden buildings, and ordered glassmakers to move their furnaces to Murano in 1291.

下午，我首先去了穆拉诺岛（Murano），这个岛以其悠久的玻璃制作传统而闻名。它作为玻璃制造中心的声誉可以追溯到共和国时期，因为当局担心制作玻璃的火会破坏该市大部分木制结构的建筑物，所以于1291年命令所有的玻璃制造商将炉子移至Murano岛上。

There are many stores on the island selling this kind of locally crafted souvenirs made of glasses. There is a museum of glass as well on the island to introduce the history of the island.

岛上有许多商店出售这种用玻璃制作的纪念品。岛上还有玻璃博物馆，以介绍该岛的历史。

Afterwards, I took the water bus to the Burano island. This island was a bit far, 1 hour’s trip from the main island. It was at the northern end of the lagoon, known for its brightly coloured houses. This picture is taken at the canal area including many stores and restaurants. The houses in this island are different with the houses in the main islands. These houses are low, only 1st floor’s height. The houses are painted following a specific system. If someone wishes to paint their home, one must send a request to the government, who will respond by making notice of the certain colours permitted for that house.

接下来，我乘坐水上巴士去了布拉诺岛。该岛距离主岛有1小时的路程，有点远。它位于泻湖的北端，以色彩鲜艳的房屋而闻名。这张照片摄于运河区，包括许多商店和餐馆。这个岛上的房屋与主岛上的房屋有些不同。这些房子很矮，只有一层的高度。房屋按照特定的要求进行粉刷。如果有人希望给自己的房屋粉刷，必须向政府发送请求，政府将通知该房屋允许使用的颜色。

After 4 hours’ trip in the islands, I returned to the main island. This is the connection point from the lagoon outside to the canal inside. I took the water bus line 1 to visit the whole Grand Canal. I really enjoyed this feeling of chasing winds and waves in the boat. This is definitely my best memory in Venice.

在外岛上旅行了4个小时后，我回到了主岛。这是从外部泻湖到内部运河的连接点。我乘坐水上巴士1号线参观了整个大运河。我真的很享受在船上追风逐浪的感觉。这绝对是我在威尼斯最美好的回忆。

On the boat, I had seen many beautiful palaces. This yellow color building is the Palazzo Cavalli-Franchetti. Its color combination was quite spectacular. The palace was built in 1565 in Venetian Gothic style.

在船上，我看到了许多美丽的宫殿。这座黄色的建筑是卡瓦利-弗朗切蒂宫（Palazzo Cavalli-Franchetti）。它的颜色组合非常绚丽。宫殿建于1565年是以威尼斯哥特式风格建造。

When the water bus passed through this island, I could observe this church in close distance. The Santa Maria della Salute is a Roman Catholic church. In the summer of 1630, a wave of the plague assaulted Venice and this church was built and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the protector of the Republic to escape from the disease. There are many delicate sculptures of Saints on the wall and eave of the church.

当水上巴士经过这个小岛时，我可以近距离观察这座教堂。Santa Maria della Salute是罗马天主教堂。1630年夏天，瘟疫浪潮席卷整个威尼斯，为了躲避灾难建立这座教堂是献给共和国的保护者圣母玛利亚。教堂的墙壁和屋檐上有许多精美的圣徒雕塑。

The dome of the Santa Maria della Salute was an important symbol for the Venetian skyline. The view of the skyline is extraodinary under the sunset glow.

Santa Maria della Salute教堂圆顶是威尼斯天际线的重要标志。在夕阳的辉光下，天水之间的景色无与伦比。

At night, I returned to the Saint Mark square again. It was ablaze with lights. There are some open-air restaurants in the square. The atmosphere was comforting and romantic. It was a great place to relax.

晚上，我再次回到圣马可广场。灯火通明的广场上坐落着几个露天餐厅,气氛舒适而浪漫。这是一个放松的好地方。

The food in Venice is as reputable as its city. This is the Venetian seafood pasta made of shrimp, clam, spaghetti, parsley, tomato, and olive oil.

威尼斯的美食也和它的美景一样值得称赞。这是由虾，蚌壳，意大利面，欧芹，番茄和橄榄油制成的威尼斯海鲜面。

This is the Venetian seafood pizza. They are superb in both color and taste. Italian food is really delicous.

这是威尼斯海鲜比萨。它们在颜色和口感上都特别好。意大利菜真的太棒了。

The second day, I travelled in the west part of the main island. I crossed this bridge from the place I lived. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava, and was moved into place in 2007. It was the only modern bridge in Venice, built to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Italian constitution in 2008.

第二天，我在主岛的西部旅行。我从我住的地方经过这座桥。它是由圣地亚哥·卡拉特拉瓦（Santiago Calatrava）设计的，于2007年投入使用。它是威尼斯唯一的现代桥梁，为庆祝2008年意大利宪法60周年而建造。

There are not famous landmarks in the Santa Croce district so usually touristes would not come to this area. I walked alone in these peaceful streets. This is the view of Venice different with what we have known in the tourist video.

圣十字区没有著名的地标，因此通常游客不会来此。我独自走在这些宁静的街道上。这是威尼斯的普通街景，与我们在旅游视频中所看的有所不同。

This is the Santa Maria dei Carmini church, a Roman Catholic church at the S.Margherita river bank. The church was originally built in 1286. It was rebuilt during the renaissance period.

这是 Santa Maria dei Carmini教堂，是S.Margherita河岸边的罗马天主教教堂。该教堂始建于1286年。在文艺复兴时期进行了重建。

I continued to walk eastwards until I arrived at the bank of Grand Canal. This was the view from the water bus stop Ca’ Rezzonico. The palace Ca’ Rezzonico was just beside me. It was a 18th century baroque and rococo architecture with collections of paintings of Francesco Guardi and Giambattista Tiepolo.

我继续向东走，直到大运河岸边。这是从Ca’Rezzonico的水上巴士站看到的风景。雷佐尼科宫就在我旁边。这是一栋18世纪的巴洛克式和洛可可式建筑，其中包括Francesco Guardi和Giambattista Tiepolo的绘画作品。

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo was a painter from the Republic of Venice who painted in the Rococo style. The Triumph of Zephyr and Flora is one of his master piece stored in Ca’ Rezzonico. The painting depicts the god of the spring winds, Zephyr, and the goddess of all that blooms, Flora.

乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·提埃坡罗是一位来自威尼斯共和国的画家，以洛可可风格绘画而闻名。西风之神与花神的胜利是存放在雷佐尼科宫的提埃坡罗的作品之一。这幅画描绘了西风之神和众花之神。

Venice is a city of arts as well. Most of its art work could be found in the Gallerie dell’Accademia, a museum gallery of pre-19th-century art.

威尼斯也是一个艺术之城。它的大部分艺术作品都可以在保存19世纪前的艺术品的学院美术馆中欣赏到。

This painting Saint Mark’s Body Brought to Venice is painted by Tintoretto. It was produced between 1562 and 1566, stored in the Gallerie dell’Accademia. It depicted the story of the merchants of venice bringing Saint Mark’s Body from sea. The painting is notable for its striking, deep perspective background lines. The contrast between the red sky, white building, and black clouds is impressive.

这幅画是丁托列托画的《被带到威尼斯的圣马克遗体》。它创作于1562年至1566年之间，目前保存在学院美术馆中。它描绘了威尼斯商人将圣马可遗体体从海上带到威尼斯的故事。这幅画以其引人注目的深视角背景线而著称。红色的天空，白色的建筑和乌云之间的对比令人印象深刻。

When I left the Gallerie dell’Accademia, I noticed this bridge Ponte dell’Accademia straddling the Grand Canal. It was a wooden bridge designed by Eugenio Miozzi and opened in 1933.

当我离开学院美术馆时，我注意到了这座横跨大运河的学院桥。它是由Eugenio Miozzi设计的木桥，于1933年开放使用。

This bridge is not beautiful but you could take the most beautiful pictures of Venice on this bridge. This is the eastbound view on the bridge. The best thing in Venice is that you could never see any cars so the pictures taken are always so good.

这座桥虽然不漂亮，但你可以在这座桥上拍摄出威尼斯最美丽的照片。这是桥上东侧的景观。威尼斯最好的地方是永远看不到任何汽车，因此拍摄的照片总是那么优美。

This is the westbound view on the bridge. On this bridge, I think I had forgotten how the time has elapsed. It seems that the only thing vividly engraved in my memeory was the picturesque scene of the Grand Canal.

这是桥西侧的景观。在这座桥上，我想我已经忘记了时间的流逝。似乎唯一生动铭刻在记忆中的就是这个风景如画的大运河。

There are only 4 bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. This is the last one Ponte degli Scalzi. It was a stone arch bridge, designed by Eugenio Miozzi completed in 1934. Usually when you walk on this bridge towards the north, it means your trip in Venice has ended. This bridge connects to the Santa Lucia train station. Here I would reluctantly bid farewell to Venice. I will always memorize this fantanstic trip and every corner of this romantic city. Venice is definitely the best place I have ever travelled.

威尼斯只有4座横跨大运河的桥。这是最后的一座桥Ponte degli Scalzi。这是一座石拱桥，由Eugenio Miozzi设计，于1934年完工。通常，当你沿着这座桥向北行走时，这意味着在威尼斯的旅行即将结束。这座桥北连桑塔露西亚火车站。在这里，我恋恋不舍地向威尼斯告别。我将永远记住这次非凡的旅行以及这座浪漫城市的每个角落。威尼斯绝对是我行走过的最令人神往的地方!

The city of Savoy under Alps

February 10, 2020December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Torino, Travel, Turin, World heritage siteLeave a comment

阿尔卑斯山下的萨瓦城

Turin is the city in the south of mountain Alps. It is the last stop before I went back to France. Due to its proximity to the mountain, I could immediately feel the icy chill eating into my bone after I alighted at the Porta Nuova station. When I looked over the Alps mountain, I could perceive the bright morning sun light splattering on the leafs and feel the more fierce coldness from the mountain.

都灵是阿尔卑斯山南麓的城市，是我回法国前的最后一站。此地旁山而立，在Porta Nuova站下车后立刻能感觉到被凛人的寒意肆意侵蚀。清晨远眺雪山，林表明霽色，城中增暮寒。

Menuet Luigi Boccherini

Turin is not a big city. Most of the attractions are in the north of the train station. This is the entrance of the museum of of the Italian Risorgimento. Risorgimento means the political and social movement that consolidates different states of the Italian peninsula into the single unified state in the 19th century. The museum actually is one part of the Palazzo Carignano from 1878. This is the picture of its façade.

都灵不是个大城市。大多数景点都在火车站的北边。这是意大利Risorgimento博物馆的入口。Risorgimento这个词是指19世纪将意大利半岛的不同国家合并为一个统一国家的政治和社会运动。这座博物馆实际上是1878年卡里尼亚诺宫的一部分。这是它正面的照片。

This is the rear façade of the Palazzo Carignano. It used to be a private residence of the Princes of Carignano. This is a Baroque style building. From 1848 to 1861 the palace was used as the House of Deputies of the Subalpine Parliament.

这是卡里尼亚诺宫的后面。它以前是卡里尼亚诺王子的私人住所。这是一座巴洛克风格的建筑。从1848年到1861年，这座宫殿曾被用作下阿尔卑斯议会的众议院。

This is the Egyptian museum which is close to the Palazzo Carignano. I don’t know why Turin exhibits the Egypt culture. It collects more than 30,000 ancient Egyptian antiquities, like the famous Bembine Tablet, books of the dead, and Papyrus Map. If you are a fan of ancient Egypte, this will be a superb place.

这是靠近卡里尼亚诺宫的埃及博物馆。我不知道为什么都灵会展示埃及文化。它收集了30000多件古埃及文物，如著名的贝姆比碑、亡灵之书和纸莎草地图。如果你是古埃及的爱好者，这里会是一个好地方。

The most famous palaces in Turin are located at Piazza Castello. This is the façade of the Palazzo Madama. There is a scuplture representing the Sardinian troops, erected by Milanese exiles during the triumphant visit to Milan of Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph, 15 January 1857. It was the first Senate of the Italian Kingdom.

都灵最著名的宫殿位于城堡广场。这是马达玛宫的正面照。在1857年1月15日奥地利皇帝弗朗茨·约瑟夫（Franz Joseph）访问米兰期间，米兰流亡者与此建立了一个代表撒丁岛军队的雕塑。这座宫殿是意大利王国的第一个元老院。

This is the rear part connecting to the palace.

这是连接宫殿的后侧。

On the square, there is another palace, the Palazzo Reale di Torino, which entrance looks very common, not like a royal palace. It is a historic palace of the House of Savoy , a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. The House of Savoy-Carignano led the unification of Italy in 1861 and ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until 1946. In 1946, the building became the property of the state and was transformed into a museum. In 1997, it was listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

城堡广场上还有另一座宫殿，都灵皇宫，它的入口看起来很普通，不像皇宫。这是萨瓦的历史宫殿。萨瓦王朝建于1003年，疆域位于历史悠久的萨瓦地区。萨瓦卡里尼诺家族在1861年领导了意大利的统一，并在1861年到1946年期间统治意大利王国。1946年伊始，这座建筑成为国家财产，并被改造成博物馆。1997年都灵王宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录。

This is the staircase connecting the entrance and the Hall of the Swiss guard. There are always many reliefs on the wall in the palace of Italy.

这是连接入口和瑞士卫队大厅的楼梯。意大利皇宫的墙上总是装饰着许多浮雕。

This is the place of transit and reception. The hall rise up two floors and is dominated by a monumental fireplace in polychrome marble and a large painting of the Battle Saint-Quentin by Palma the Younger to celebrate the victory of Emmanuel Philibert. The Battle of Saint-Quentin of 1557 was between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg empire at Saint-Quentin in Picardy. A Habsburg Spanish force under Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy defeated a French army under the command of Duke Louis Gonzaga and Duke Anne de Montmorency. In the 17th centuary, the room was known as the Hall of Saxon Glory.

这是客人中转和接待的地方，瑞士卫队大厅。大厅足足有两层楼高，占据大厅主位的是一个彩色大理石的壁炉和一幅为庆祝Emmanuel Philibert的胜利而创作的圣昆廷战役的巨画。1557年的圣昆廷之战是法兰西王国和哈布斯堡帝国在皮卡迪的战役。哈布斯堡王朝的西班牙军队在萨瓦的Emmanuel Philibert公爵领导下击败了Louis Gonzaga公爵和Anne de Montmorency公爵指挥的法国军队。在17世纪，这个房间被称为撒克逊人荣耀的大厅。

Next is the chamber of the cuirassiers. It is called chamber of dignities but in the 17th century, the decoration is destroyed in a fire then the antechamber is named from the military order in charge of the its security, the cuirassier.

下一个是胸甲骑兵室。它以前被称为贵宾室，但在17世纪，它的装饰在一场大火中被摧毁，然后这个前厅便以负责其安全的军人中选名命名为“胸甲骑兵”。

This is the most beautiful gallery in the palace. The scupltures of cavalry were standing orderly in two columns. There are many weapons of medieval times like spears, sabers, pistols, panoply of cavalry displayed in the glass-fronted board. We could learn some histories about the battles of medieval at that time.

这是宫殿里最漂亮的长廊，战争长廊。骑兵雕塑整齐地排成两列。这里展览了许多中世纪的武器，如长矛，军刀，手枪，以及陈列在玻璃面板上的全套骑兵装备。我们可以了解一些中世纪战争的历史。

This is the other gallery , Daniel Gallery designed by architect Carlo Emanuele Lanfranchi. The decoration here looks like the palace of Versaille with glittering crystal chandeliers and magnificant frescos on the dome.

这是另一个长廊，由建筑师卡洛·伊曼纽尔·兰弗朗奇设计的丹尼尔画廊。这里的装饰看起来很像凡尔赛宫，穹顶上有闪闪发光的水晶枝形吊灯和宏伟的壁画。

There are many rooms in the palace. This is the most important room the throne room. It became the room of king from 1831. The color theme in the room is depressing due to the influence of gilded ceiling, red canvas, and the dark light. I don’t like it at all. It is like the scene of The masque of the red death by Edgar Allan Poe.

宫殿里有许多房间。这是最重要的房间，王座室。它从1831年起成为国王的房间。由于镀金的天花板、红色的帷幕和黑暗的光线的影响，房间的色调很沉闷，我一点也不喜欢。就像埃德加·爱伦·坡小说里的红死魔假面舞会的场景一样。

This room has the red color as well, quite monotonous. It was used to hold the wedding before but after some renovation work, it became the private audience room of the king.

这个房间也是红的色调，很单调。它以前是用来举行婚礼的，但经过一些翻新工程后，它变成了国王的私人接待室。

This is the splendid ballroom. The function was fixed during the reign of king Carlo Alberto. Now it was still christmas period so there is a christmas tree. There is one piano that could autoplay music, quite amazing.

这是一个华丽的舞厅。卡洛·阿尔贝托国王统治期间它就确定为皇家舞厅。现在还是圣诞节期间，所以房间里有一棵圣诞树。这里还有一架可以自动播放音乐的钢琴，挺神奇的。

At the ground level, there is one chapel. Inside there is one Antonio Bertola Altar which houses the Holy Shroud which is a length of linen cloth bearing the negative image of a man. It was believed that the image depicts Jesus of Nazareth and the fabric is the burial shroud in which he was wrapped after crucifixion. The holy shourd was kept in the central urn from 1694 to 1993.

在底层，有一个小教堂。教堂里有一座安东尼奥·贝托拉祭坛，里面有一块亚麻布长短的圣衣，上面印着一个人的背面形象。据称这幅背面描绘的就是真主耶稣，那一块织物就是耶稣在十字架被钉死后的裹尸布。从1694年到1993年期间，圣衣一直保存在祭坛中央的瓮中。

After the visit of the insides of palace, people could take fresh air at the garden behind the palace. The garden is not large but there is a beautiful fountain here.

参观宫殿后，游客可以在宫殿后面的花园里呼吸新鲜空气。花园不大，不过有一个美丽的喷泉。

After I left the royal palace, I walked sluggishly around the area until I found this building. On the map, it shows that it is the Turin university but it looks like a palace or an art gallery. The design is similar with the gallery in Florence.

离开皇宫后，我在附近信步闲游，邂逅了这座建筑。在地图上，它显示是都灵大学，但它看起来像一座宫殿或一座艺术展厅。设计与佛罗伦萨的展厅相似。

In Turin, it is easy to see the top of this building even far away. The tall building Mole Antonelliana is the landmark of this city. It was built in 1863. It now houses the Museo Nazionale del Cinema, and is believed to be the tallest museum in the world. The 2 euro coin use the pattern of this building as well.

在都灵，即使很远的地方也能够很容易看到这座建筑的顶部。这个高耸的建筑 Mole Antonelliana 是这座城市的地标。它建于1863年。现在是国家电影博物馆的所在地，也是世界上最高的博物馆。2欧元硬币就采用了这座建筑的图案。

On the way from train station to the royal palace, there is one small square Piazza San Carlo. There is a monument of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580. He was regarded as the hero of his family since he recovered the savoyard state invaded and occupied by France when he was a child and made Italian the official language in Piedmont.

从火车站到皇宫的路上，有一个小广场圣卡罗广场。这里有一座Emmanuel Philibert的纪念碑。他从1553年至1580年期间担任萨瓦公爵。他自小就致力于恢复被法国侵略和占领的萨瓦土地，并使意大利语成为皮埃蒙特的官方语言，他也因此就被视为萨瓦家族的英雄。

On the square, there are two churches called San Carlo Borromeo and Santa Cristina. They mirror each other, really a strange idea of design.

广场上有两座教堂，分别叫圣卡洛·博罗密欧和圣克里斯蒂娜。它们互相对称互成镜像，真是一个奇怪的设计。

**Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte – Palazzo Lascaris**

This is another palace near the square. It is the regional council of Piemont area. It looks stylish with the ondulating balcony and the arching brim on the window.

这是广场附近的另一座宫殿。它是皮埃蒙特地区的地区委员会。波浪形的阳台和窗户上的拱形边缘看起来很有特点。

This is the end of the trip in Italy for me. For all the tourists travelling between Italy and France, they need to use the tunnel of Fréjus. This fountain is built to memorize the workers who died in the construction.

意大利之行到此戛然而止。对于所有在意大利和法国之间旅行的游客来说，他们需要使用弗雷朱斯隧道。这座喷泉是为了纪念在建筑此隧道中牺牲的工人。

When I left the fountain, it was late afternoon. I finished this unforgettable trip in Italy lasting 7 days and took the Flixbus back to France. On the way home, I could see the beautiful Alps mountain with snow on the summit among the clouds. It was the last day of 2019. Good luck in the upcoming 2020!

当我离开喷泉时，已经是傍晚了。我在意大利为期7天的难忘之旅也就此终了，乘坐Flix 巴士回法国。在回家的路上，我可以看到积雪浮云端的美丽阿尔卑斯山。这是2019年的最后一天。希望在即将到来的2020年好运连连！

Christmas trip in Pisa

February 7, 2020December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Pisa, Travel, World heritage siteLeave a comment

比萨的圣诞之旅

Pisa is a famous city in the west of Florence. It is well known in the world due to its leaning tower. In the Chistmas of 2019, I just took one hour train from Florence to visit this beautiful town during the christmas.

比萨是佛罗伦萨西部的一个著名城市。它的斜塔天下闻名。2019年圣诞节期间，我从佛罗伦萨坐了一个小时的火车参观了这个美丽的小镇。

Caprice No. 24 For Solo Violin – Paganini

The city straddles the Arno river. Along the river sides, I could see many old buildings that could be traced back to the medieval times. This is the picture I took on the bridge of Solfreno.

这座城市横跨阿诺河。沿着河边，可以看到许多追溯到中世纪的古老建筑。这是我在索尔弗雷诺桥上拍的照片。

At the south bank of river, this small church could be found just near the bridge. It is the Santa Maria della Spina built round 1230 with the Pisan Gothic style. This church is extremely small, even lower than the common 4 level house. Compared with the huge church in Milan and Florence, it looks like a toy.

这座小教堂就在河的南岸的桥边。它是建于1230年左右的圣母玛利亚教堂，是比萨式的哥特风格。这座教堂非常之小, 甚至低于普通的四层住宅。与米兰和佛罗伦萨的巨大教堂相比，它看起来就像个玩具一样。

This is another bridge called Ponte di Mezzo. The fluttering flag in the wind is the flag of Tuscany. This is one of the two major bridges connecting both sides of the river.

这是另一座叫Mezzo的桥。风中飘扬的旗帜就是托斯卡纳的区旗。这是连接河流两岸的两座主要桥梁之一。

The most famous view points are in the square Piazza del Duomo. The square is dominated by four great religious edifices of medieval architecture: the Pisa Cathedral, the Pisa Baptistry, the Campanile, and the Camposanto Monumentale. In 1987, it was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This day is a sunny day in cold winter. At the center of square, I basked in the warm sun light at ease and gazed at the streaming crowds around the bell tower like the King of Tuscany browsing through his citizens.

比萨最著名的景点就是此处的Duomo广场。广场上有四座中世纪的宗教建筑：比萨大教堂、比萨洗礼场、钟楼和坎波桑托纪念碑。在1987年，它被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。这是一个晴朗的冬日，在广场中央，我悠闲地沐浴在温暖的阳光下，凝望着钟楼周围川流的人群，就像托斯卡纳国王在巡视着他的臣民一样。

Of course, all the people come here because of the leaning tower which construction could be traced to 1173. M The height of the tower is 55.86 metres from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres on the high side with nearly 4 degree lean. From my view at the field, it toppled seriously, looks like falling down at any time. This tower is also famous for the story which was taught in the physics class when I was in high school. Galileo Galilei had dropped two cannonballs of different masses from the tower to demonstrate that their speed of descent was independent of their mass.

当然大家都是因为比萨斜塔慕名而来。斜塔的历史可以追溯到1173年。塔低侧距地55.86米，高侧距地56.67米，倾斜近4度。在我看来，它倾斜得确实很严重，好像顷刻都会坠落下来。这座塔也因初中时在物理课上学的故事而闻名。伽利略从塔上同时扔下了两个不同质量的铅球，以证明它们的下降速度和铅球质量无关。

The Battistero di San Giovanni is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical building in the square. The baptistery was designed by Diotisalvi, whose signature can be read on two pillars inside the building, with the date 1153. Its façade looks elegant with white columns and brown dome. There is an interesting small bronze scuplture on the top of the dome.

圣乔瓦尼洗礼堂是广场上一座罗马式天主教建筑。洗礼堂是由迪奥蒂萨尔维设计的，他1153年的签名依然可以在建筑物内的两根柱子上看到。洗礼堂正面看起来甚是优雅，白色的柱子和棕色的穹顶，穹顶顶部有一个有趣的小青铜浮雕。

**Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta**

This cathedral is the Pisa Cathedral. It is a notable example of Romanesque architecture, in particular the style known as Pisan Romanesque. It was built in in 1063. The interesting point of this church is the bronze griffin on the cathedral roof. It seems that the designers of the buildings in Pisa prefered to add some unique elements at the top.

这座大教堂是比萨大教堂。它是典型的罗马风格，也是代表性的比萨式罗马风格。它建于1063年。这座教堂的有趣之处在于大教堂屋顶上的青铜狮鹫。比萨的建筑设计师似乎特别喜欢在顶部添加一些别样元素。

On this square, I could see the city surrounded by the city walls. It is heard that the wall was built in 11 century. The walls were built to protect the cathedral and baptistery from assault of other city state. The visitors could climb on the walls and discover more beauties of this medieval city.

在这个广场上可以看到包围这个城市的城墙。这个城墙建于11世纪。修建它是为了保护大教堂和洗礼堂免受其他城邦的袭击。游客们可以登上城墙，发现更多这座中世纪城市的美。

When I walked along the city wall, I found this Roman relic near the Porta a Lucca. It is the Baths of Nero, the only Roman remaining still standing in the city. The building on the picture is the laconicum, the dry sweating room.

当我沿着城墙走的时候，我在卢卡门附近发现了这个罗马遗迹。这是尼禄的浴池，它是唯一一个仍然屹立的罗马遗迹。图片上的建筑是古罗马浴室的发汗房。

**Chiesa di Santa Caterina d’Alessandria**

There are some interesting buildings in Pisa as well that display the art of architecture in the region. This is a church near the roman relic in the picture above. Its name is Chiesa di Santa Caterina d’Alessandria. The design of the façade is similar with the one in Florence.

比萨也有很多展示了该地区建筑艺术的房子。这是上图罗马遗迹附近的一座教堂。它的名字叫圣卡特里娜亚历山大。它正面的设计与佛罗伦萨的教堂非常相似。

This is another church in the Piazza dei Cavalieri called Chiesa Nazionale di Santo Stefano dei Cavalieri which was built in 1565. The façade is similar with the house of Medici family in Florence with white marble column. The bulding has a sculpture on the top of the roof as well. Maybe it is the characteristic style of Tuscany.

这是卡瓦列里广场的另一座教堂，名为圣斯蒂芬骑士教堂，建于1565年。正面与佛罗伦萨的美第奇家族住宅相似，采用白色大理石柱。建筑物的屋顶上也有一个雕塑，也许这就是托斯卡纳地区的特色风格吧。

This is the major building in piazza dei Cavalieri. It was built between 1562 and 1564. Now it becomes a school. There are some busts sitting in the niche on the wall of façade. The art of Italien sculpture is always so fantastic. The omniform sculptures are on every building in every place.

这是卡瓦列里广场上的主要建筑。它建于1562年至1564年间，现在变成了一所学校。正面墙上的壁龛里有许多半身像。意大利的雕塑艺术总是那么奇妙，在每个地方的每栋建筑上都有各种各样的雕塑。

Italy is the country famous for the opera. The theater of Verdi is the theater built in 1865. It takes the name from the famous musician Guiseppe Verdi. When I passed the gate, I catched a glimpse of the posters. The opera to be played that day was the Swan lake.

意大利也是以歌剧闻名的国家。这座威尔第剧院是建于1865年的剧院。它的名字来自于著名的音乐家朱赛佩威尔第。当我路过大门时，瞥视了一眼墙上的海报。当天要上演的歌剧居然是《天鹅湖》。

Pisa is a small city and it only takes half day to finish the visit. At four o’clock , I took the train and returned to Florence. The station is decorated with Chistmas tree with still remaining the atmosphere of festival. Although the trip was not as amazing as the one in Florence, it was worth enough to see the old buildings here especially the famous leaning tower. Anyway I will always treasure every place that I have visited.

比萨是一个小城市，只需半天就可以游完。四点钟，我乘火车返回佛罗伦萨。火车站装饰着圣诞树，还弥留了一丝节日的气氛。虽然这次旅行没有像佛罗伦萨那么惊艳，但参观这里的老建筑物特别是赫赫有名的斜塔还是很值得的。不管怎么样我将永远珍惜我曾踏足的每一个地方。

The Impression of Milan

February 3, 2020May 26, 2025Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Milan, Travel, World heritage siteLeave a comment

米兰印象

Milan was the first place of Italy I visited during the Christmas trip. Before I came here, the impression of the city lies in the abundance of luxury brands shops and fiery Milan Derby in San Siro. Until my arrival, I realized that it was also a gorgeous city combined with classical and artistic elements. It was the old capital of the Western Roman Empire, also collects larges amounts of works of Leonardo da Vinci.

米兰是我在圣诞之旅中访问的意大利的第一个城市。莅临此地之前，这座城市给人的印象是大量的奢侈品牌商店和圣西罗激烈的米兰德比。直到我亲临此处，我才意识到它也是一座集古典和艺术元素于一体的炫丽都市。它曾是西罗马帝国的旧都，也收藏了大量达芬奇的作品。

Puccini – Tosca – E lucevan le stelle

I arrived at the city at Christmas night. The Piazza del Duomo was aswarm with frantical people celebrating Christmas. This is the main visiting point of Milan. Tonight, the focus of attention was the large Christmas tree with splendid colors. The large square was illuminated by the eye-dazzling lustre like daytime.

我在圣诞夜到达这座城市。米兰大教堂广场上的人们都在疯狂庆祝佳节。这是米兰最主要的游览点。今夜的焦点就是那棵色彩绚丽的大圣诞树。灿烂夺目的华灯将广场照耀的如同白昼一般!

This is the stature of Victor Emmanuel II in the center of the square. He became the first king of a united Italy and was repected as the father of the country.

这是在广场中心维克托·伊曼努埃尔二世的雕像。他是统一的意大利的第一位国王，并被尊为国父。

On the square, even quite far away, I could also see the famous Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II which is the Italy’s oldest shopping mall with a four-story double arcade. The Galleria is named after Victor Emmanuel II. It was designed in 1861 and built by architect Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877. The façade of the gallery is the magnificent triumphal arch, decorated with the colonnades.

在广场上，可以遥望著名的维克托·伊曼努埃尔二世长廊，这是意大利最古老的购物中心，有一个四层的双拱廊。这个长廊也以维克多·伊曼努埃尔二世的名字命名。它设计于1861年，由建筑师朱塞佩·门戈尼在1865年至1877年间建造。画廊的正面是宏伟壮观柱廊装饰的凯旋门。

In the glamorous gallery, the tall and fully decorated Christmas tree was silhouetted against the scintillating glass dome that highlights the ardent ambience of festival these days. The gallery had the large spans of the vaults and the ethereal effect of the entire glass canopy. It displayed numerous luxury brands shops of haute couture and jewelry in the arcades, showcase of the luxurious and glorious history of the city. Italians are the born talents of paintings and sculptures. Even on the wall of the shopping mall, I could still discover many reliefs of eagle shape and scuplture of Santa Maria.

在迷人的长廊里，灯烛闪烁的琉璃穹顶下光影交错中精美装饰的高大圣诞树突出了热烈的节日气氛。这个长廊上承巨大弧度的玻璃天顶，蕴涵灵动若空的效果，下接磷次栉比的奢侈品牌的高级时装店和珠宝店，彰显米兰昔日的富贵与荣耀。意大利人绘画和雕塑艺术天赋异禀。即使在商场的外墙，众多鹰形浮雕和圣母像随处可见。

Milan is an ancient city with long history. There are many old gates scattering in the different areas. Porta Venezia is one of the historical gates of the city. Its origins can be traced back to the medieval period but now it just stands tranquilly among the sparkling glims of the modern city, with the testimony of the vicissitude of life.

米兰是一座历史悠久的城市。有许多古老的城门散落在不同的地区。威尼斯门是这座城市的古城门之一。它的起源可以追溯到中世纪时期, 不过现在它却安静地矗立在现代化都市灯火阑珊之中，见证着时代的变迁。

On the way back to hotel, I could see many streets with the luxury brands shops. Although it was the christmas night, those stores were still open. Shadows of pendent lamps flicked on the windows of the shops. The gaudy ornaments and garments displayed inside are telling us that it is indeed the capital of fashion.

回酒店的沿途可以看到很多街道上都有各种奢侈品的商店。虽然是圣诞夜，那些商店仍然营业。吊灯的光影拖曳在橱窗之上。里面华丽的装扮和服饰确实让人感觉时尚之都名不虚传。

After one night’s rest, I came here again to take the picture of this magnificant church, the famous Milan Cathedral. The cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete. It is the largest Gothic church in the world with the construction starting from 1386. It is the symbol of Milan, also the fourth largest church in the world.

休息了一晚后，我再次来到这座宏伟的教堂，著名的米兰大教堂拍照。这座大教堂花了将近六个世纪才建成。它是世界上最大的哥特式教堂，始建于1386年。它是米兰城的象征，也是世界第四大教堂。

The roof of the cathedral is renowned for the forest of openwork pinnacles and spires. In 1805, Napoleon Bonaparte, about to be crowned King of Italy, ordered the finish. Finally, after it was finished, a statue of Napoleon was placed at the top of one of the spires. The decoration is so fantastic that it is hard to describe it with simple words. When I was staring it at the bottom of its wall, I was just amazed at its imposing grandiosity and the tininess of myself.

大教堂的屋顶以大量镂空的尖顶和尖塔群而闻名。1805年，即将加冕为意大利国王的拿破仑·波拿巴下令完成它最后的建造。完工后，拿破仑的雕像被放置在其中一个塔尖的顶部。这些装饰是如此奇妙，很难用简单的语言来形容。当我在墙角凝视着它的时候，我对它的宏大和我自己的渺小感到无比惊叹。

Near the square opposite to the Vittorio Emanuele II gallery, the Royal Palace of Milan could be found. It was the seat of government in the middle ages but now served as a cultural center and it is home to international art exhibitions. Compared with the luxuirious palace in France, it was really too ‘plain’.

在维克托·伊曼努埃尔长廊正对面的广场附近，可以看到米兰皇宫。它在中世纪是政府所在地，但现在只是作为一个文化中心和国际艺术展览馆。与法国奢华的宫殿相比，它实在太“朴素”了。

On the north entrance of the gallary of Vittorio Emanuele II. There is another museum displaying the art works of Filippino Lippi. It is the Palazzo Marino, a 16th-century palace located in Piazza della Scala. It has been Milan’s city hall since 9 September 1861. The palace was built for, and is named after, the Genoan trader and banker Tommaso Marino. The famous opera house Scala is also around the square.

在维托里奥·伊曼努埃尔二世长廊北口有一个博物馆陈列着菲利普·里皮的艺术作品。这是位于斯卡拉广场16世纪的马里诺宫殿。从1861年9月9日起，它就是米兰的市政厅。这座宫殿是为热那亚商人和银行家托马索 -马里诺而建，并以此命名。著名的斯卡拉歌剧院也在广场周围。

There is another building attracting my attention due to its eight obvious outruding figures. Casa degli Omenoni is the name of the historic palace which was designed by sculptor Leone Leoni. He lived and worked there. It owes its name to the eight atlantes decorating its facade, termed “omenoni” (“big men” in Milanese). Actually I have no ideas of the meaning of these atlantes with different postures.

在附近，有另一座建筑吸引了我的注意，因为它的墙上有八个明显突出的人物。这座历史悠久的宫殿是由雕塑家莱昂莱昂尼设计的。他那时在这里生活和工作。它的名字来源于装饰其正面的八个男像柱，被称为“奥门尼”（米兰语中的“大人物”）。实际上我也不知道这些姿势迥异的男像柱的意义。

There are not only luxury shops but many old churches in Milan as well. The Basilica of San Lorenzo Maggiore church was originally built in Roman times and subsequently rebuilt several times over a number of centuries. It is one of the oldest churches in Milan. The statue in front of the church seems to be the emperor Auguste.

米兰不仅有奢侈品店，还有许多古老的教堂。圣洛伦佐马焦尔教堂最初建于罗马时代，后来又在几个世纪里重建了几次。它是米兰最古老的教堂之一。教堂前的雕像似乎是奥古斯都大帝。

This is the side view of the church from the Basilicas park. It has the old towers and brick walls eroded by times.

这是在大教堂公园一侧的教堂的背面，古老的塔和被时间侵蚀的和砖墙。

The Colonne di San Lorenzo is a group of ancient Roman ruins, located in front of the Basilica of San Lorenzo. In the 4th century, the columns were moved here, after removal from a likely 2nd century pagan temple or public bath house structure. These columns are similar with the ones in the temple of Rome.

圣洛伦佐柱是一组古罗马遗址，位于圣洛伦佐大教堂正前。在4世纪的时候，这些柱子被移到了这里，很可能是从2世纪的异教徒庙宇或公共澡堂里移走的。这些柱子和罗马神殿里的柱子很相似。

Another church with very long history is the Basilica di Sant’Ambrogio, built by St. Ambrose from 379 to 386. Numerous martyrs of the Roman persecutions had been buried here. The first name of the church was in fact Basilica Martyrum. I have no knowledge about architecture but I found this building is different with other church. It has two bell towers and its entrance is an arched arcade. The main color style of the building is red instead of white.

另一座历史悠久的教堂是圣安布罗吉奥大教堂，由圣安布罗于379年至386年修建。许多被罗马迫害的殉道者被埋葬在这里。教堂最早的名字其实是殉道大教堂。我对建筑学了解不多，但我发现这座建筑与其他教堂的不同。它有两个钟楼，入口是一个拱形拱廊。建筑物的主色调是红色而不是白色。

Next one is the super famous Santa Maria delle Grazie which is a church and Dominican convent. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site due to the mural of The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, which is in the refectory of the convent. This church is free to visit but the visit of the Last Supper is charged and needs to be appointed in advance. Because of this reason I could not see the painting in person. What a pity!

接下来是超级著名的圣玛利亚教堂，也是多米尼加修道院。因为在修道院的餐厅里的李奥纳多·达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》壁画，它被列入联合国教科文组织的世界文化遗产。这座教堂可以免费参观，但参观最后的晚餐是收费的，而且需要提前预约。因为这个原因，我不能亲眼看到这幅名作。真可惜！

The mural painting is the one of the most well-known paintings in the world. It was finished by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1490 with dimensions of 700 cm × 880 cm. It was the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with his apostles. The painting depicted vividly the consternation that occurred among the twelve apostles when Jesus announced that one of them would betray him.

最后的晚餐这幅壁画是世界上最著名的绘画之一。它于1490年由达芬奇完成，尺寸为700厘米×880厘米。它是耶稣和他的信徒最后晚餐的场景。这幅画生动地描绘了当耶稣宣布十二使徒中中有一个要出卖他时，他们之间惊愕的神情。

Parrocchia di Santa Maria Segreta is a small catholic church. There is nothing special about it. I just took the picture because of several beautiful sculptures in the niche on the facade. All these churches actually are not far from each others. 1 hour walk is enough to visit all of them.

帕拉基亚圣玛利亚教堂是一个小型的天主教教堂。并没什么特别之处。我只是因为它的正面壁龛里有几个漂亮的雕塑拍了这张照片。所有的这些教堂实际上都相距不远。步行一个小时就够参观所有了。

Arco della Pace is the triumphal arch at the entrance of Sforza Castle. It is at the gate of Sempione which origins could be traced back to a gate of the Roman walls. It’s a neoclassical triumphal arch, 25 m high and 24 m wide. There are some bronze sculptures of roman cavalries on the top of the arch.

佩斯拱门是斯福尔扎城堡入口处的凯旋门。它的起源可以追溯到罗马城墙的大门。这是一座新古典主义凯旋门，高25米，宽24米。拱门顶部有一些罗马骑兵的青铜雕塑。

Another symbol of Milan is the Sforza Castle that was built in the 15th century by Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan. Later renovated and enlarged, in the 16th and 17th centuries it was one of the largest citadels in Europe. Rebuilt by Luca Beltrami from 1891 to 1905, it became city’s museums with many art collections.

米兰城的另一个象征就是斯福尔扎城堡，它是由米兰公爵弗朗西斯科·斯福尔扎在15世纪建造的。后来在16世纪和17世纪经过翻新和扩建，它成为欧洲最大的城堡之一。在1891年至1905年期间由卢卡·贝尔特拉米重建，成为城市博物馆，收藏了许多艺术品。

In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle to turn it into his princely residence. In 1452 he hired architect Filarete to design and decorate the central tower, which was known as Torre del Filarete. After Francesco’s death, the construction was continued by his son Galeazzo Maria, under architect Benedetto Ferrini.

This castle has been used as the military fortress so now some of its defense systems are still kept.

1450年，弗朗西斯科·斯福尔扎开始重建城堡，把它变成他的王宫住所。1452年，他聘请建筑师菲拉雷特设计和装饰这座中心塔，这就是菲拉雷特塔。弗朗西斯科死后，他的儿子加利亚佐·玛丽亚以及建筑师贝内代托·费里尼继续修建这座塔。

这座城堡曾被用作军事要塞，所以现在它的一些防御系统仍然保留着。

This sculpture at the gate of the castle memorizes the great general Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi. He contributed greatly to the Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy’s “fathers of the fatherland” along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II and Giuseppe Mazzini.

城堡门口的这座雕塑是为了纪念伟大的朱塞佩·玛丽亚·加里波第将军。他为意大利的统一和意大利王国的建立作出了杰出贡献。他也被认为是现代最伟大的将领之一，与卡米洛·本索、卡武伯爵、维克托·伊曼努埃尔二世和朱塞佩·马志尼一起被认为是意大利的“祖国之父”之一。

This is the street view that was randomly taken before I left. There are many old styles of trams in Milan so the electric cables are everywhere in the street.

这是我离开米兰前随便拍摄的街景。米兰有许多老式的电车，所以街道上到处都是电车的电缆。

I only stayed in Milan for 1 day so there are many places that I didn’t have chance to visit. There are so many museums in Italy that it is difficult to visit them one by one. This last photo is the Milan central station that looks quite beautiful, like a museum. I would take high speed trains from here to Firenze. Hopefully I could have chance to come here again and see The Last Supper next time.

我只在米兰短暂停留一天，所以有很多地方我并没有机会去参观了。意大利有这么多博物馆，很难一一点到。这最后一张照片是米兰中央火车站，看起来也很漂亮, 就像博物馆一样。我会从这里坐高铁到佛罗伦萨。希望下次能有机会再来这里欣赏最后的晚餐。

Christmas trip in the city of Renaissance

January 7, 2020December 30, 2021Posted in Italy, TravelTagged Firenze, Florence, Renaissance, World heritage siteLeave a comment

文艺复兴之都的圣诞旅行

Florence is the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. The historic centre of Florence is listed as a World Heritage Site in 1982. It is regarded as one of the most artistic city of the world in my eyes. You could find the David staring at faraway and the Venus emerging slowly from the Po river. This Christmas holiday , I finally visited this famous city to filfill my dreams.

佛罗伦萨是托斯卡纳地区的首府。它是文艺复兴的发源地，被称为中世纪的雅典。斐冷翠的老城区于1982年列为世界文化遗产。在我心中，它是世界上最具有艺术气息的城市之一。在这里，广场上大卫雕像凝视远方, 维纳斯女神自波河中缓缓而出。这个圣诞假期，我终于来到这座著名的城市完成了我的梦想。

Vittorio Monti – Czardas

When I just arrived at the station Firenze Santa Maria, it was at night already. The dome of the famous cathedrale Santa Maria del Fiore was immediately within my sight. Just within a few minutes’ walk, I could scrutinize the huge cathedrale from top to bottom. Although it was a cold winter night, large amounts of visitors flocked here and took pictures with the christmas trees in front of the church.

当我刚到达圣母玛利亚车站时，已经是月上柳梢了。著名的圣母百花大教堂穹顶就在我眼前若隐若现。步行不到几分钟，我就可以在近处从上到下仔细观察这座巨大的教堂。虽然这是一个寒冷的冬夜，但还是有大批游客涌入这里，与教堂前的圣诞树合影留念。

After one night’s rest, I started my trip from the Piazza San Marco because it was quite near my hotel. The convent on the picture is now the Museo Nazionale di San Marco; during the 15th century it was home to two famous Dominicans, the painter Fra Angelico and the preacher Girolamo Savonarola.

休息了一晚后，我从圣马可广场开始我的旅程，那里离我下榻的酒店很近。照片里的这个修道院现在是圣马可博物馆；在15世纪，它是两位多米尼加名人画家弗拉·安吉利科和传教士吉罗拉莫·萨沃纳罗拉的家。

Florence is a small city but it owns many art galleries. Next I arrived at the Galleria dell’Accademia. It is an art museum known as the home of Michelangelo’s sculpture David. It was the first professional art academy in Europe. It keeps large amounts of sculptures finished by Michelangelo and a large collection of paintings by Florentine artists.

佛罗伦萨虽然是个小城市，不过有许多美术馆。接下来我来到了学院美术馆。这是一个艺术博物馆，米开朗基罗的雕塑大卫就收藏在此处。它是欧洲第一座专业美术学院。它保存着大量米开朗基罗的雕塑和佛罗伦萨艺术家的绘画作品。

David is a marble sculpture created between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo. It was originally placed in a public square, outside the Palazzo Vecchio but was moved to the Galleria dell’Accademia in 1873, and replaced at the original location by a replica. It symbolizes the defence of civil liberties of the Republic of Florence.

大卫是意大利艺术家米开朗基罗于1501年至1504年间创作的大理石雕塑。它最初被放置在旧宫外的一个广场上，但在1873年被移到了学院美术馆，并在原来的位置放置了一个复制。它象征着捍卫佛罗伦萨共和国的公民自由。

Beside the gallery, it is the Palazzo Medici Riccardi. It is a Renaissance palace designed by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo for Cosimo de’ Medici, head of the Medici banking family, and was built between 1444 and 1484. The palace was inhabited by the members of the family until 1659, when Ferdinando II sold it to the Riccardi marquises.

学院美术馆旁边是美第奇·里卡迪宫。这是一座文艺复兴时期的宫殿，由米歇洛佐·巴托洛梅奥为美第奇银行家族的首领科西莫·美第奇设计，建于1444年至1484年间。这座宫殿由家族成员居住到1659年，之后费迪南多二世将宫殿卖给了里卡迪侯爵。

At the south of the Palazzo Medici Riccardi, it is the symbol of Florence, the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore. It was built in 1296 in the Gothic style, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio and was completed by 1436, with the brown dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. The dome had a brillant colored decoration, even from far away, it could be recogonized easily. The design of the exterior of the basilica is special with polychrome marble geometric panels in various shades of green and pink, bordered by white. There is tall bell tower next to the cathedral. It is so tall that you have to look up to the sky and see the top. The whole cathedral is so large that it is impossible to take a full picture of it.

在美第奇·里卡迪宫殿的南边就是是佛罗伦萨的标志，圣母百花大教堂。这座哥特式风格教堂建于1296年，由阿诺尔福·坎比奥设计，1436年完工。棕色穹顶是由菲利波·布鲁内莱斯基设计。穹顶上有一个鲜艳的彩色装饰，即使从很远的地方，也可以很容易辨认。教堂的外部设计别具匠心，彩色大理石的几何图案面板采取了混合着绿色和粉色的色调，边缘则是白色。大教堂旁边有一座高大的钟楼。它太高了，你必须仰望天空才能看到它的顶部。整个教堂宏伟无比，但很难拍一张全景。

The bell tower represents the standard Gothic architecture designed by Giotto with rich sculptural decorations and its polychrome marble encrustations. It is 84.7 metres tall and has polygonal buttresses at each corner.

这座钟塔楼是典型的乔托设计的哥特式建筑，有丰富的雕塑装饰和多色大理石镶嵌。它高达84.7米，每个角落都有多边形扶壁。

There was another church near the train station with the similar decoration. It is the Basilica di Santa Maria Novella, the first great basilica in Florence. Its name is taken by the train station.

火车站附近还有另一座教堂，也有类似的装饰。它是新圣母玛利亚大教堂，佛罗伦萨的第一座大教堂。它的名字取自火车站。

Florence is a city that you will always find surprise in any place. After I walked through one huge arch, I arrived at one square Piazza della Repubblica. It was originally the site of the city’s forum; The square’s Giubbe Rosse cafe has long been a meeting place for famous artists and writers, notably those of futurism. Now you could still have a drink here. The porticos with the triumphal arch, called the “Arcone”, was designed by Micheli. The words on the Arc are L’ANTICO CENTRO DELLA CITTÀ DA SECOLARE SQUALLOREA VITA NUOVA RESTITUITO. It means the ancient centre of the city / restored from age-old squalor / to new life.

佛罗伦萨是一个你在任何角落都会感到惊奇的城市。穿过一个巨大的拱门后，我来到了共和广场。它最初是城市论坛的举办地；广场的朱比·罗西咖啡馆长期以来一直是著名艺术家和作家的聚会场所。你也可以像那些未来主义的艺术名流一样在这里喝一杯。凯旋门的门廊被称为“拱门” ，是由米凯利设计的。拱门上的文字是意大利语 L’ANTICO CENTRO DELLA CITTÀDA SECOLARE SQUALLOREA VITA NUOVA RESTITUITO。它的意思是古老的城市中心从旧时代的肮脏恢复到新的生活。

On the south side of the square, there is one church called Orsanmichele that was originally built as a grain market in 1337 by Francesco Talenti, Neri di Fioravante, and Benci di Cione. Between 1380 and 1404, it was converted into a church used as the chapel of Florence’s powerful craft and trade guilds. On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th-century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market.

在广场的南侧，有一座名为奥桑米歇尔的教堂，最初是由弗朗西斯科·塔伦蒂、尼里·菲奥拉万特和本西·西奥内于1337年建成的谷物市场。1380年至1404年间，它被改建成一座教堂，用作佛罗伦萨手工艺和贸易公会的礼拜堂。建筑的第一层是13世纪的拱门，成为最早的谷物市场的凉廊。

Further south of the Orsanmichele, we could find another symbole of Florence, Piazza della Signoria, that is a L-shaped square in front of the Palazzo Vecchio. It records the long history of the Florentine Republic and is still the political focus of the city. On this square, there are some two wheel cabriolet for tourists to ride. For me, it was really amazing to see the real cariolet driven by horse.

再往南走，我们可以看到佛罗伦萨的另一个标志领主广场，这是旧宫前面的一个L形广场。它记录了佛罗伦萨共和国的悠久历史，至今仍是城市的政治焦点。在这个广场上，有一些两轮敞篷马车供游客乘坐。对我来说，看到真正的马车真是太棒了。

The Fontana del Nettuno is situated on the Piazza della Signoria in front of the Palazzo Vecchio. It was built in 1565 and designed by Baccio Bandinelli and created by other collaborators. The bronze and marble sculptures are river gods, laughing satyrs and sea-horses emerging from the water. The scupltures in Italy could always impress me even if it is just a small one in the fountain.

海神喷泉位于旧宫前面的领主广场上。它建于1565年，由Baccio Bandinelli设计并由其他合作者一起创作。这些青铜和大理石雕塑是河神、嬉笑的森林神和从水中冒出的海马。意大利的雕塑总能给我留下深刻印象，即使它只是喷泉里的一个个小雕像。

The Palazzo Vecchio (“Old Palace”) is the town hall of the city. This massive, Romanesque, crenellated fortress-palace overlooks the square with its copy of Michelangelo’s David statue. Tourists like to take pictures here.

维奇奥宫（旧宫）是这座城市的市政厅。这座巨大罗马式的、城墙有锯齿的堡垒式宫殿俯瞰着广场，广场上有米开朗基罗的大卫雕像复制品。游客们都特喜欢在这里拍照。

Going through the entrance, it was the first courtyard designed in 1453 by Michelozzo. The Putto with Dolphin on top of the basin is a copy of the original. This small statue was originally placed in the garden of the Villa Medici at Careggi.

穿过入口，这是米开洛佐在1453年设计的外庭院。这个水盆顶的海豚也是复制品。这座小雕像最初放置在卡雷吉的美第奇别墅花园里。

This palace is famous for displaying arts in its hall and rooms. The Salone dei Cinquecento was a big hall built in 1494 by Simone del Pollaiolo. On the walls, there are large and expansive frescoes that depict battles and military victories by Florence over Pisa and Siena. The famous works were lost fom here, including the Battle of Cascina by Michelangelo and the Battle of Anghiari by Leonardo da Vinci. Even now no one knows where they are.

这座宫殿以在大厅和房间里展示艺术品而闻名。五百沙龙是西蒙德尔波莱奥洛于1494年建造的一个大厅。墙上巨幅的壁画描绘了佛罗伦萨对比萨和锡耶纳的战斗胜利。一些著名的壁画包括米开朗基罗的卡斯金纳战役和达芬奇的安格里之战从这里莫名丢失了。即使现在也无迹可循。

This is the picture Defeat of the Pisans at the Tower of San Vincenzo drawn by Giorgio Vasari displayed in Salone dei Cinquecento.

这是乔治·瓦萨里绘制的比萨人在圣文森佐塔的失败的画作，陈列在这个大厅里。

This is one of the room in the palace. Every room here has beautiful paintings and each painting has a story, there is one room is named after Jupiter and another room has the style of the four elements. There are too many rooms in the palace so I will not list all of them.

这是旧宫里的一个房间。这里的每一个房间墙上都有美轮美奂的画作，每一幅画都有一个故事，有一个房间是以朱庇特命名的，还有一个房间是有四元素的主题。宫殿里的房间太多了，所以我就不一一列举。

After I finished the tour of all the rooms, I could climb to the top of the tower of the palace and have the panoromic view of the city. Most of the houses in Florence were built with the red bricks. I could see clearly the Arno river and the bridges over the river. The old houses alongside the river are the testimony of the old history of this medieval city.

在参观完所有的房间后，我登到宫殿的塔顶上，欣赏这座城市的全景。佛罗伦萨的大多数房子是用红砖建造的。我能清楚地看到阿诺河以及河上的桥。河边的老房子是这座中世纪城市古老历史的见证。

The oldest and most beautiful bridge in Florence is the Ponte Vecchio. It is a medieval stone closed-spandrel segmental arch bridge. There are some shops on the roof covered bridge and it makes the road too narrow so I would like cross the river through another bridge to avoid the crowd on the bridge.

佛罗伦萨最古老、最美丽的桥是维奇奥桥，它是一座中世纪的石制封闭式拱肩节段拱桥。桥上有一些商店，这使得道路太窄，所以我绕道另一座桥过河，躲避桥上的人群。

The Ponte Santa Trìnita is another Renaissance bridge, the oldest elliptic arch bridge in the world, characterised by three flattened ellipses. Standing on this bridge, I can observe meticulously the whole structure of the beautiful Ponte Vecchio.

圣三一桥是另一座文艺复兴时期的桥梁，世界上最古老的椭圆形拱桥，有三个扁平的椭圆桥洞。站在这座桥上，我可以仔细观察对面美丽维奇奥桥的整个结构。

After I crossed the river, the next destination is the Palazzo Pitti. It dated from 1458 and was originally the town residence of Luca Pitti, an ambitious Florentine banker. The palace was bought by the Medici family in 1549 and became the chief residence of the ruling families of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

过了河之后，下一个目的地是皮蒂宫。它的历史可以追溯到1458年，最初是卢卡·皮蒂的住所，他是一位雄心勃勃的佛罗伦萨银行家。这座宫殿于1549年被美第奇家族买下，成为托斯卡纳大公国家族的主要住所。

In the late 18th century, the palazzo was used as a power base by Napoleon and later served for a brief period as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy. The palace was donated to the Italian people by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1919. It is now the largest museum in Florence. Here we could see many paintings of Raphael.

18世纪末，拿破仑将宫殿用作己用，后来在一段短暂的时期内，它成为新建立的统一的意大利王国的主要皇宫。这座宫殿后来在1919年被国王维克托·伊曼纽尔三世捐赠给意大利人民。它如今是佛罗伦萨最大的博物馆。在这里我们可以看到许多拉斐尔的油画。

This is one room in the palace. In the Medici perod, it was the antechamber of the Grand Prince Ferdinando.

这是宫殿里的一个房间。在美第奇时期，它是费迪南多大王子的前厅。

It was the Audience room of the apartment of the Grand prince Ferdinando. From 1865, under the House of Savoy, it became the throne room. This is the seat of the King of Savoy.

这是费迪南多大王子的客厅。从1865年起，在萨瓦家族的统治下，它成为了王权室。图中这是萨瓦国王的座位。

This room used to be the music room of the apartment of the Grand Prince Ferdinando. In the 18th century, it was used as the dining room by the Lorraine family. The chandelier in this room was very spectacular. It was the only one thing that has survived from the Medici period.

这个房间曾经是费迪南多大王子的音乐室。18世纪，洛林家族把它用作餐厅。这个房间的枝行吊灯非常精致，也是美第奇时期唯一保留下来的物品。

I have spent much time in the palace Piti because there were so many things displaying. When I left it, the sun began to go down. The Piazzale Michelangelo is a good place to see the sun set since it is a high point in Florence. At this place, all the major land marks of the city could be seen without any obstructions.

因为这里陈列了太多展品，我在宫殿里花了很多时间。当我离开时，太阳开始下山了。米开朗基罗广场是翡冷翠观赏日落的好地方，它是一个制高点。在这个广场上，城市的所有主要地标都一览无余。

On this high land, we could not only see the cathedral Sainta Maria del Fiore and palazzo Vechio, but also the bell tower of Badia Fiorentina. These are most obvious buidings. The Badìa Fiorentina is an abbey and now becomes home to the Monastic Communities of Jerusalem. It was said that Dante used to live near the area so I would like to see it.

在这片高地上，我们不仅可以看到圣母百花大教堂和旧宫，还可以看到佛罗伦萨巴迪亚钟楼。这些都是最显眼的建筑。巴迪亚现在成为耶路撒冷修道院的所在地。据说但丁以前住在附近，所以我想去看看。

When I went back to the north side of the river, the sun has started to go down and sky was aglow with sunset colours. The bridge was immersed slowly into the darkness.

当我回到河的北边时，太阳已经开始下山，余晖照红了天空。桥慢慢地浸入在黑暗之中。

After taking pictures at the high land, the night had come and I was on my way back. This is another famous church Basilica of Santa Croce. It buried the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, the poet Foscolo, the philosopher Gentile and the composer Rossini, so it is known also as the “Temple of the Italian Glories”.

在高地拍照后，夜幕降临，我开始返程。这是另一个著名的圣十字大教堂。这里埋葬了最杰出的意大利人，如米开朗基罗、伽利略、马基雅维利、诗人福斯科罗、哲学家加蒂莱、作曲家罗西尼等，因此也被称为“意大利荣耀的殿堂”。

On the square of Santa Croce, the statue of poet Dante Alighieri could be found next to Basilica of Santa Croce. It was built in 1865 by Italian sculptor Enrico Pazzi. Dante’s Divine Comedy is widely known as the most important poem of the Middle Ages.

在圣十字广场上，诗人但丁·阿里吉耶里的雕像就在圣十字教堂旁边。它由意大利雕塑家恩里科·帕齐于1865年建造。但丁的《神曲》被誉为中世纪最重要的诗歌。

When I went back to have dinner, I passed by the famous Galleria degli Uffizi. It was one of the most important Italian museums also one of the largest and best known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period renaissance. There too many tourists here. It is recommended to book the ticket online before the visit.

当我回去吃晚餐的时候，我路过著名的乌斐兹美术馆。它是意大利最重要的博物馆，也是世界上最大最著名的博物馆之一，收藏了许多珍贵的作品，尤其是文艺复兴时期的作品。这里的游客太多了。建议在参观前在线预订门票。

One of the most famous work in the gallery is The Birth of Venus painted by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli in the mid 1480s. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea.

美术馆最著名的作品之一是意大利艺术家桑德罗·波提切利在14世纪80年代中期创作的《维纳斯的诞生》，它描绘了女神维纳斯在出生后从海上浮出水面来到岸边的情景。

Another famous work The Venus of Urbino is painted by the Italian painter Titian. It depicts a nude young woman, representing the goddess Venus, reclining on a couch in the sumptuous surroundings of a palace.

另一幅著名的作品《乌比诺的维纳斯》是意大利画家提香所作。它描绘了一个裸体的年轻女子，代表维纳斯女神，躺在一个豪华的宫殿里的沙发上。

The Loggia dei Lanzi is a building on a corner of the Piazza della Signoria adjoining the Uffizi Gallery. It consists of wide arches open to the street. Here there are many statues to be seen. If you are insterested in statues, this will be a great place.

兰齐凉廊是一座位于毗邻乌菲兹画廊的广场的一角的建筑。它由通向街道的宽拱门组成。这里有许多雕像可以看。如果你对雕像很感兴趣，这将是一个合适的地方。

Lastly on my way back to hotel，there was a square with fountains and scupltures. The square is named after the church of the Annunziata at the head of the square. In the center of the square, there is the bronze Equestrian statue of Ferdinando I. This would be my last place to visit in Florence before I went back back to hotel.

最后，在我回酒店的路上，一个广场上有喷泉和雕塑。这个广场是以广场上的救赎教堂命名的。广场中央有费迪南多一世的铜像，这将是我回酒店前在佛罗伦萨游览的最后一个地方。

Generally, Florence is superb place for people who are interested in arts and the history of renaissance. Although I am not a big fan of arts, I still felt it worthy and I think that 2 days are not enough at all to visit all the famous museums. If I could come next time, I will visit the Uffizi Gallery and the Boboli garden that I missed this time. Due to the different reasons, I could not visit them, it was a pity for me.

总之佛罗伦萨是一个对艺术和文艺复兴历史感兴趣的游客的绝佳去处。虽然我不是一个艺术迷，但我仍然觉得这是非常值得的，2天根本不够参观所有著名的博物馆。如果我下次能再来，我将去参观乌菲兹美术馆和这次错过的波波利花园。由于一些的原因，我这次不能去参观这些地方，实在很遗憾。